StrongerBible

ta'ah

תָּעָה

HebrewH8582go astray, wander, ...

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Gen 20:13Gen 21:14Gen 37:15Exo 23:42Ki 21:92Ch 33:9Job 12:24Job 12:25Job 15:31Job 38:41Psa 58:3(4)Psa 95:10Psa 107:4Psa 107:40Psa 119:110Psa 119:176Pro 7:25Pro 10:17Pro 12:26Pro 14:22Pro 21:16Isa 3:12Isa 9:16(15)Isa 16:8Isa 19:13Isa 19:14 (2×)Isa 21:4Isa 28:7 (2×)Isa 29:24Isa 30:28Isa 35:8Isa 47:15Isa 53:6Isa 63:17Jer 23:13Jer 23:32Jer 42:20Jer 50:6Ezk 14:11Ezk 44:10 (2×)Ezk 44:15Ezk 48:11 (3×)Hos 4:12Amo 2:4Mic 3:5
Root family
Word studytaw-AHverb

What ta'ah means

to stray from the right course: to wander off and lose the way, or to be led off it

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

At its heart this word pictures someone who has left the path and no longer knows where they are. The most basic picture is physical: a person lost in open country, a stray animal that has drifted from the flock, a thirsty traveler circling in the desert. From that picture the word stretches in two directions that share the same shape. It can describe a body that has lost its footing, the lurching of someone too drunk to walk a straight line. And it can describe the heart that has lost its way, a person or a whole nation that has drifted from God and from what is right.

The same word also has a pointed active edge: not just to wander, but to make someone else wander. This is the word the prophets reach for when they accuse Israel's leaders, false prophets, and idols of pulling the people off the road. The one who leads astray is more blameworthy than the one who simply gets lost, and the Bible holds them to account for it.

What unites every use is the idea of deviation from a known, right course, whether a literal road, sober steps, or the way God has marked out. The reader should let the surrounding verse decide which shade is in view, because the same form can mean an ox loose in a field or a people far from their God.

Nuances

1ato wander about lost, to lose the way physically
Gen 21:14Gen 37:15Exo 23:4Job 38:41Psa 107:4Isa 16:8Isa 47:15
1bto reel or stagger, as someone overcome by drink
Isa 21:4Isa 28:7 (2×)
1cto go astray morally or spiritually, to drift from God and from what is right
Psa 58:3(4)Psa 95:10Psa 119:110Psa 119:176Pro 7:25Isa 29:24Isa 35:8Isa 53:6Ezk 14:11Ezk 44:10 (2×)Ezk 44:15Ezk 48:11 (3×)
1dto lead astray, to mislead someone off the right course
Gen 20:132Ki 21:92Ch 33:9Job 12:24Job 12:25Psa 107:40Isa 3:12Isa 9:16(15)Isa 19:13Isa 19:14 (2×)Isa 30:28Isa 63:17
1eto be led astray or deceived, to be drawn off course by another
Job 15:31

What scholars say about ta'ah

The standard lexica (BDB, HALOT, DCH) treat תָּעָה as a single root meaning to wander or go astray, with the qal covering literal wandering (Genesis 21:14; Genesis 37:15; Psalm 107:4), the reeling of intoxication (Isaiah 28:7), and figurative moral or religious straying (Psalm 58:3; Isaiah 53:6), and the hiphil as causative, to lead astray or mislead (Isaiah 9:16; Jeremiah 23:13; Amos 2:4; Hosea 4:12). TDOT notes that the figurative usage clusters in prophetic indictments of Israel's leaders and false prophets and in the sheep imagery of straying from the shepherd. The niphal (Job 15:31; Isaiah 19:14) carries a passive or reflexive nuance, to be led astray or deceived. The semantic field overlaps שָׁגָה (to err, go astray) and נָדַד (to flee, wander), but תָּעָה keeps the concrete image of losing the way as its anchor.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. תָּעָהlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. תעהlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. תעהlexicon
  • TDOT, s.v. תָּעָהtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of תָּעָה

qal perfect 3cp

תָּעוּ

Psa 58:3, Psa 107:4, Isa 16:8, Isa 28:7, Isa 28:7, Isa 47:15, Ezk 44:10, Ezk 48:11

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיַּתְעֵ, וַיֶּתַע

2Ki 21:9, Job 12:24, Job 12:25, Psa 107:40, 2Ch 33:9

qal imperfect 3mp

יִתְעוּ

Job 38:41, Pro 14:22, Isa 35:8, Ezk 14:11

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיַּתְעוּ

Jer 23:13, Jer 23:32, Amo 2:4

hiphil participle m p absolute

מַתְעִים, מַּתְעִים

Isa 3:12, Isa 9:16, Mic 3:5

hiphil perfect 3cp

הִתְעוּ

Gen 20:13, Isa 19:13, Jer 50:6

qal infinitive-construct construct

תְעוֹת

Ezk 44:10, Ezk 44:15, Ezk 48:11

qal participle m s absolute

תֹּעֶה, תּוֹעֶה

Gen 37:15, Exo 23:4, Pro 21:16

hiphil participle m s absolute

מַתְעֶה

Pro 10:17, Isa 30:28

qal participle m p construct

תֹּעֵי

Psa 95:10, Isa 29:24

qal perfect 1cs

תָּעִיתִי

Psa 119:110, Psa 119:176

hiphil consecutive-perfect 3cp

וְהִתְעוּ

Isa 19:14

hiphil imperfect 2ms

תַתְעֵ

Isa 63:17

hiphil imperfect 3fs

תַּתְעֵ

Pro 12:26

hiphil perfect 2mp

הִתְעֵיתֶם

Jer 42:20

hiphil perfect 3ms

הִתְעָה

Hos 4:12

niphal infinitive-construct construct

הִתָּעוֹת

Isa 19:14

niphal perfect 3ms

נִתְעָה

Job 15:31

qal consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתֵּתַע

Gen 21:14

qal jussive 2ms

תֵּתַע

Pro 7:25

qal perfect 1cp

תָּעִינוּ

Isa 53:6

qal perfect 3ms

תָּעָה

Isa 21:4