StrongerBible

nadaḥ

נָדַח

HebrewH5080“banish, scatter, ...”

Appears 55 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Deu 4:19Deu 13:5(6)Deu 13:10(11)Deu 13:13(14)Deu 19:5Deu 20:19Deu 22:1Deu 30:1Deu 30:4Deu 30:172Sa 14:132Sa 14:14 (2×)2Sa 15:142Ki 17:212Ch 13:92Ch 21:11Neh 1:9Job 6:13Psa 5:10(11)Psa 62:4(5)Psa 147:2Pro 7:21Isa 8:22Isa 11:12Isa 13:14Isa 16:3Isa 16:4Isa 27:13Isa 56:8Jer 8:3Jer 16:15Jer 23:2Jer 23:3Jer 23:8Jer 24:9Jer 27:10Jer 27:15Jer 29:14Jer 29:18Jer 30:17Jer 32:37Jer 40:12Jer 43:5Jer 46:28Jer 49:5Jer 49:36Jer 50:17Ezk 4:13Ezk 34:4Ezk 34:16
Root family
Word studynaw-DAKHverb

What nadaḥ means

to drive away: to push or force someone or something out of where it belongs.

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

At its heart this word is about being forced out. A blow drives an axe head off its handle; a hunter drives a frightened animal off into the wild; a powerful man is shoved down from his place; and, above all, a whole people is driven off its land into exile. The same picture runs through every use: someone or something that was settled is pushed away to where it does not belong.

The Bible bends this one picture in three directions. Most often it describes God scattering Israel out of the land as punishment, so that the people become "the driven ones," the banished and the outcasts. But the prophets turn the same word into a promise: the God who drove them out is the very one who will gather his scattered ones home again. A second use is moral rather than geographic: to be driven away from the LORD, lured or pushed into worshiping other gods. A third use is plain and physical: to thrust, shove, or knock something loose.

These are shades of one idea, not separate words. Whether the object is a nation, a worshiper's loyalty, or an axe head, the action is the same forcing-away; only what gets driven, and where, changes.

Nuances

1ato banish or scatter a people from their land into exile; and, of the people so driven, to be the banished, the outcasts whom God promises to gather home.
Jer 8:3Jer 16:15Jer 23:2Jer 23:3Jer 23:8Jer 24:9Jer 27:10Jer 27:15Jer 29:14Jer 29:18Jer 32:37Jer 46:28
1bto lead astray: to lure or push someone away from loyalty to the LORD, especially into worshiping other gods.
Deu 4:19Deu 13:5(6)Deu 13:10(11)Deu 13:13(14)Deu 30:172Ki 17:212Ch 13:92Ch 21:11Pro 7:21
1cto thrust, shove, or knock loose: forcible physical removal, and the banishing of an individual.
Deu 19:5Deu 20:19Deu 22:12Sa 14:132Sa 14:14 (2×)2Sa 15:14Job 6:13Psa 5:10(11)Psa 62:4(5)Isa 8:22Isa 13:14

What scholars say about nadaḥ

The standard lexica (HALOT, BDB, DCH) treat נדח as a single root meaning to impel, thrust, or drive away, with a transitive (hiphil) sense to drive out, banish, or seduce and a passive/reflexive (niphal) sense to be driven away, be an outcast, or be led astray. The dominant biblical use is the exile motif, the niphal substantival participle נִדָּח functioning as a near-technical term for the banished of Israel whom the LORD will regather (Isa 11:12; 56:8; Jer 23:3; Mic 4:6); G. Sauer and the TDOT/TWOT treatments group these gathering-of-the-outcasts texts as a fixed prophetic theme. The Deuteronomic seduction sense, to drive a person away from the LORD into apostasy, is concentrated in the law of the enticer (Deut 13) and the Deuteronomistic verdict on the kings (2 Kgs 17:21). The lexica also keep a literal physical sense, the axe head slipping in Deut 19:5 and the wielded axe of Deut 20:19, alongside the figurative thrusting-down of Pss 5:10 and 62:4.

Sources

  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. נדחlexicon
  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. נדחlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. נדחlexicon
  • G. Sauer, "נדח ndḥ," in Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament (TLOT), ed. E. Jenni and C. Westermanndictionary
  • TWOT (Harris, Archer, Waltke, eds.), s.v. נדחdictionary

AI-generated word study · claude-opus-4-8

All attested forms of נָדַח

hiphil perfect 1cs

הִדַּחְתִּי

Jer 8:3, Jer 23:3, Jer 23:8, Jer 29:14, Jer 29:18, Jer 32:37, Jer 46:28

niphal participle f s absolute

נִּדָּחָה, נִּדַּחַת, נִדָּחָה

Mic 4:6, Zep 3:19, Ezk 34:4, Ezk 34:16, Jer 30:17

niphal participle m p construct

נִדְחֵי, נִדָּחַ, נִדְּחֵי

Psa 147:2, Isa 11:12, Isa 56:8, Isa 16:4, Jer 49:36

hiphil infinitive-construct construct

הַדִּיחֲ, הַדִּיחִ, הַדִּיחַ

Deu 13:5, Deu 13:10, Jer 27:15, Psa 62:4

niphal participle m p absolute

נִדָּחִים, נִּדָּחִים

Deu 22:1, Isa 16:3, Isa 27:13

niphal participle m s construct

נִדַּחֲ, נִדְּח

Deu 30:4, Neh 1:9, 2Sa 14:13

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיַּדַּח

2Ki 17:21, 2Ch 21:11

hiphil consecutive-perfect 1cs

וְהִדַּחְתִּי

Jer 27:10, Jol 2:20

hiphil imperfect 1cs

אַדִּיחֵ

Jer 24:9, Ezk 4:13

hiphil perfect 3ms

הִדִּיחֲ, הִדִּיחָ

Deu 30:1, Jer 16:15

niphal consecutive-perfect 2ms

וְנִדַּחְתָּ

Deu 4:19, Deu 30:17

niphal perfect 3cp

נִדְּחוּ

Jer 40:12, Jer 43:5

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 2mp

וַתַּדִּחוּ

Jer 23:2

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיַּדִּיחוּ

Deu 13:13

hiphil consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְהִדִּיחַ

2Sa 15:14

hiphil imperative 2ms

הַדִּיחֵ

Psa 5:10

hiphil imperfect 3fs

תַּדִּיחֶ

Pro 7:21

hiphil perfect 2mp

הִדַּחְתֶּם

2Ch 13:9

hiphil perfect 2ms

הִדַּחְתָּ

Dan 9:7

hiphil perfect 3cp

הִדִּיחוּ

Jer 50:17

hophal passive-participle m s absolute

מֻדָּח

Isa 13:14

niphal consecutive-perfect 2mp

וְנִדַּחְתֶּם

Jer 49:5

niphal consecutive-perfect 3fs

וְנִדְּחָה

Deu 19:5

niphal imperfect 3ms

יִדַּח

2Sa 14:14

niphal participle m s absolute

נִדָּח

2Sa 14:14

niphal perfect 3fs

נִדְּחָה

Job 6:13

pual passive-participle m s absolute

מְנֻדָּח

Isa 8:22

qal infinitive-construct construct

נְדֹּחַ

Deu 20:19