StrongerBible

nadad

נָדַד

HebrewH5074flee, wander, ...

Appears 28 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 31:402Sa 23:6Est 6:1Job 15:23Job 18:18Job 20:8Psa 31:11(12)Psa 55:7(8)Psa 64:8(9)Psa 68:12(13) (2×)Pro 27:8 (2×)Isa 10:14Isa 10:31Isa 16:2Isa 16:3Isa 21:14Isa 21:15Isa 22:3Isa 33:3Jer 4:25Jer 9:10(9)Jer 49:5Hos 7:13Hos 9:17Nam 3:7Nam 3:17
Root family
Word studynaw-DADverb

What nadad means

to move away in flight: to flee, roam as a fugitive, flutter off, or be driven from one's place

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

This verb pictures a body pulling away from where it was and moving off. The pull can be sudden and fearful, as when soldiers break and run or a city empties before an invader. It can be the natural rising of a bird that leaves its nest, or the drifting of a homeless person with nowhere to settle. In every case the eye is on the departure itself, the going away, more than on any place the mover is heading toward.

Because the picture is so simple, one word stretches across scenes that English keeps in separate boxes. The same verb carries a fugitive across the countryside, sends birds and locusts into the air, and even describes sleep slipping away from a wakeful person's eyes at night. A related use turns the action outward: to make something flee, to chase or drive it off, so that the wicked are thrust away like a bad dream.

What holds the senses together is motion away under pressure. Whether the mover flees, wanders, flutters, or is chased, the word marks the moment of leaving, and often the helplessness or restlessness that goes with having no fixed place to stay.

Nuances

1ato flee or take flight to escape danger, as people, armies, or a whole town
Psa 31:11(12)Psa 64:8(9)Psa 68:12(13) (2×)Isa 10:31Isa 21:14Isa 21:15Isa 22:3Isa 33:3Jer 49:5Hos 7:13Nam 3:7
1bto fly off or flutter away, as a bird or winged creature leaving
Isa 10:14Isa 16:2Jer 4:25Jer 9:10(9)Nam 3:17
1cto wander or roam with no settled place, like a homeless fugitive
Job 15:23Psa 55:7(8)Pro 27:8 (2×)Isa 16:3Hos 9:17
1dof sleep: to flee from the eyes, leaving a person awake
Gen 31:40Est 6:1
1eto be driven off or chased away by another
2Sa 23:6Job 18:18Job 20:8

What scholars say about nadad

The standard lexica (BDB, HALOT, DCH) treat נדד as a single verb of retreat and dispersal, spanning human flight in war, the departure of birds and animals, the restless roaming of a fugitive, and the idiom of sleep fleeing the eyes (Gen 31:40; Esth 6:1). The causative and passive stems supply the transitive "drive away, be chased off" (hiphil Job 18:18; hophal Job 20:8; 2 Sam 23:6). It stands close to the byform נוד "to sway, wander," and the Septuagint regularly renders it with φεύγω. There is no live dispute over what the verb denotes; the only variation among the lexica is how finely to subdivide its flight-and-wandering range, in particular whether the flight of birds (Isa 16:2; Jer 4:25; Nah 3:17) deserves a heading distinct from human flight.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. נדדlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. נדדlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. נדדlexicon

All attested forms of נָדַד

qal participle m s absolute

נֹדֵד, נוֹדֵד, נֹּדֵד

Job 15:23, Isa 10:14, Isa 16:3, Isa 21:14, Pro 27:8, Isa 16:2, Jer 49:5

qal perfect 3cp

נָדְדוּ, נָדָדוּ

Psa 31:11, Isa 22:3, Isa 33:3, Jer 9:10, Hos 7:13, Isa 21:15, Jer 4:25

qal imperfect 3mp

יִדֹּדוּ

Psa 68:12, Psa 68:12

qal perfect 3fs

נָדְדָה

Est 6:1, Isa 10:31

hiphil imperfect 3mp

יְנִדֻּ

Job 18:18

hithpael imperfect 3mp

יִתְנֹדֲדוּ

Psa 64:8

hophal conjunctive-imperfect 3ms

וְיֻדַּד

Job 20:8

hophal passive-participle m s absolute

מֻנָד

2Sa 23:6

piel perfect 3ms

וְנוֹדַד

Nam 3:17

qal consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתִּדַּד

Gen 31:40

qal imperfect 3ms

יִדּוֹד

Nam 3:7

qal infinitive-construct construct

נְדֹד

Psa 55:7

qal participle f s absolute

נוֹדֶדֶת

Pro 27:8

qal participle m p absolute

נֹדְדִים

Hos 9:17