StrongerBible

etsah

עֵצָה

HebrewH6098counsel, advice, ...

Appears 89 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Deu 32:28Jdg 20:72Sa 15:312Sa 15:342Sa 16:202Sa 16:23 (2×)2Sa 17:72Sa 17:14 (3×)2Sa 17:231Ki 1:121Ki 12:81Ki 12:131Ki 12:142Ki 18:201Ch 12:19(20)2Ch 10:82Ch 10:132Ch 22:52Ch 25:16Ezr 4:5Neh 4:15(9)Job 12:13Job 18:7Job 29:21Job 38:2Job 42:3Psa 13:2(3)Psa 20:4(5)Psa 73:24Psa 106:13Psa 106:43Psa 119:24Pro 1:25Pro 1:30Pro 8:14Pro 12:15Pro 19:20Isa 19:3Isa 19:11Isa 25:1Isa 40:13Isa 46:10Isa 46:11Isa 47:13Jer 18:23Hos 10:6Mic 4:12
Root family
Word studyay-TSAHnoun

What etsah means

counsel: the considered advice, plan, or purpose that comes out of thinking a matter through.

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

At its heart this is one idea worked out in several directions: the fruit of careful deliberation. It can be the advice one person gives another, the plan or scheme a person forms and sets out to carry through, the settled purpose of God himself, or, more abstractly, the very ability to think wisely and give good direction.

What holds these together is that the word never names idle talk or a stray thought. It is deliberate. When people give it to each other it is advice meant to be acted on, weighed as good or bad, taken or refused. When God has it, it is his fixed purpose, the plan that stands when every human scheme collapses.

That tension between human counsel and God's counsel is a thread the Bible pulls on again and again, especially in the prophets and the wisdom books. People plot and advise, kings take sides between rival counselors, nations lay their schemes; and over all of it stands the one counsel that actually comes to pass.

Nuances

1aadvice that one person gives another, offered to be acted on and able to be taken or refused.
2Sa 15:312Sa 15:342Sa 16:202Sa 16:23 (2×)2Sa 17:72Sa 17:14 (3×)2Sa 17:231Ki 1:121Ki 12:81Ki 12:131Ki 12:142Ch 10:8
1ba plan or scheme that a person or nation forms and means to carry out, sometimes a worthy purpose and often a hostile plot.
Jdg 20:7Job 5:13Job 18:7Job 21:16Job 22:18Psa 1:1Psa 13:2(3)Psa 14:6Psa 20:4(5)Psa 106:13Psa 106:43Pro 20:5
1cthe settled purpose of God: the plan he has formed and will surely bring to pass.
Psa 33:10Psa 33:11Psa 107:11Pro 19:21Isa 5:19Isa 14:26Isa 19:17Isa 25:1Isa 28:29Isa 40:13Isa 44:26Isa 46:10
1dcounsel as a capacity: the ability to plan wisely and give sound direction, named among the gifts of wisdom.
Job 12:13Pro 8:14Pro 21:30Isa 11:2Jer 49:7

What scholars say about etsah

The standard lexicons (BDB, HALOT, DCH) and the theological dictionaries (TDOT, TWOT, NIDOTTE) treat this as a single noun derived from the verb "to advise" (H3289), with a coherent range rather than separate homonyms. Its core is the product of deliberation: counsel or advice between people, a plan or scheme that is devised, and, distinctively, the purpose of God. The lexicons note the prophets' and wisdom writers' contrast between human counsel, which can fail, and the LORD's counsel, which stands; this is the focus of TDOT's treatment of the divine plan (especially in Isaiah). The faculty sense, counsel as one of the gifts of wisdom, is recognized where the word stands beside wisdom, understanding, and might. There is no significant dispute over the word's meaning inventory.

Sources

  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. עֵצָהlexicon
  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. עֵצָהlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. עֵצָהlexicon
  • P. J. J. S. Els, "יעץ," in New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis (NIDOTTE) 2:489-491dictionary
  • L. Ruppert, "יעץ," in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament (TDOT) 6:156-185dictionary

All attested forms of עֵצָה

f s construct

עֲצַת

2Sa 15:31, 2Sa 15:34, 2Sa 16:23, 2Sa 16:23, 2Sa 17:14, 2Sa 17:14, 2Sa 17:14, 1Ki 12:8

f s absolute

עֵצָה

Jdg 20:7, 2Sa 16:20, 2Sa 17:7, 1Ki 1:12, 2Ki 18:20, 1Ch 12:19, Job 12:13, Job 38:2

f s construct

עֲצָתִי

2Ch 25:16, Job 29:21, Psa 119:24, Pro 1:25, Pro 1:30, Isa 46:10, Isa 46:11

f s construct

עֲצָתוֹ

2Sa 17:23, Job 18:7, Psa 106:13, Isa 19:3, Isa 40:13, Hos 10:6, Mic 4:12

f s construct

עֲצָתָם

2Ch 22:5, Ezr 4:5, Neh 4:15, Psa 106:43, Jer 18:23

f p absolute

עֵצוֹת

Deu 32:28, Psa 13:2, Isa 25:1

f s construct

עֲצָתְךָ

Psa 20:4, Psa 73:24

f s construct

עֲצָתָיִךְ

Isa 47:13

qal participle m p construct

יֹעֲצֵי

Isa 19:11