StrongerBible

mo'etsah

מוֹעֵצָה

HebrewH4156counsels, devices, ...

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Psa 5:10(11)Psa 81:12(13)Pro 1:31Pro 22:20Jer 7:24Hos 11:6Mic 6:16
Root family
Word studymoh-ay-TSAHnoun

What mo'etsah means

settled plans that are actually being followed: the course of action a person or a nation has fixed on, and in nearly every use one chosen instead of what God said.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This word names plans already decided on and being lived out, not advice that is merely on offer. It turns up seven times, and never once in the singular, so it points less to a single piece of guidance than to a whole policy: the set of decisions by which someone is actually running their life. That is why the older English "counsels" sounds too mild in most of these lines, and "their own plans" or "their own schemes" lands closer.

Six of the seven appearances are damning, and they fall into a pattern the Psalms and the prophets share:

  • people walk in plans of their own instead of listening to God (Psalm 81:12; Jeremiah 7:24; Micah 6:16)
  • the plans themselves become the punishment, so that people are fed with them or fall by them (Proverbs 1:31; Psalm 5:10)
  • a nation is eaten up by war because of what it decided to do (Hosea 11:6)

In each case the plans belong to the people who made them, they were chosen over what God had said, and they come back on their makers.

The one bright use is Proverbs 22:20, where a teacher says he has written for his student in plans and knowledge, meaning guidance sound enough to hand on. So the word is not a label for wickedness; a plan is only as good as the one who makes it. The ordinary Hebrew word for counsel (עֵצָה) covers that whole range comfortably, including God's own purposes, while this one has narrowed almost entirely to human self-direction, close to the way the word for what the mind works out (מַחֲשָׁבָה) shades into plotting when the heart behind it is bad.

Nuances

1aa person's or a nation's own fixed plans, walked in instead of God's word and reaped as ruin.
Psa 5:10(11)Psa 81:12(13)Pro 1:31Jer 7:24Hos 11:6Mic 6:16
1bsound advice: guidance good enough to write down and pass on.
TranslatabilityDirect
Pro 22:20

What scholars say about mo'etsah

The lexica agree on the sense and on its distribution. BDB glosses מוֹעֵצָה "counsel, plan, device," HALOT "plan, counsel," and DCH likewise, all noting that the noun is attested only in the feminine plural (five of the seven with a pronominal suffix) and that it belongs to the יעץ word group beside the far more frequent עֵצָה. The pejorative colouring is a matter of distribution rather than of lexical definition: in Psalm 5:10, Psalm 81:12, Proverbs 1:31, Hosea 11:6, Micah 6:16 and Jeremiah 7:24 the plans are human and set over against the divine word, and the idiom is twice the reflexive "walk in their own מוֹעֵצוֹת" (Psalm 81:12; Micah 6:16), twice a causal מִן of the plans as the instrument of judgment (Psalm 5:10; Hosea 11:6). Proverbs 22:20 is the exception, where the noun stands with דַּעַת for what the sage has written. TDOT and NIDOTTE treat the noun under יעץ, where the theological interest lies in the contrast between YHWH's counsel and the plans of the nations. Two textual questions touch single verses without unsettling the sense: in Jeremiah 7:24 the doubled prepositional phrases בְּמֹעֵצוֹת בִּשְׁרִרוּת לִבָּם הָרָע are represented by one phrase in the Septuagint, which commentators read either as a construct relation in the Hebrew or as evidence of expansion; and in Proverbs 22:20 the disputed שָׁלִישִׁים ("thirty" sayings, compared with the Egyptian Instruction of Amenemope, versus "excellent things") reshapes the line without changing the force of בְּמוֹעֵצֹת.

Sources

  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. מוֹעֵצָהlexicon
  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. מוֹעֵצָהlexicon
  • DCH (Dictionary of Classical Hebrew), s.v. מוֹעֵצָהlexicon
  • TDOT, s.v. יעץtheological-dictionary
  • NIDOTTE, s.v. יעץtheological-dictionary
  • W. McKane, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Jeremiah, vol. 1 (ICC), on Jeremiah 7:24commentary
  • M. V. Fox, Proverbs 10-31 (Anchor Yale Bible), on Proverbs 22:20commentary

All attested forms of מוֹעֵצָה

f p construct

מֹּעֲצוֹתֵיהֶם, בְּמוֹעֲצוֹתֵיהֶם, מֹעֲצוֹתָם, מֹּעֲצֹתֵיהֶם

Psa 5:10, Hos 11:6, Psa 81:12, Mic 6:16, Pro 1:31

f p absolute

בְּמוֹעֵצֹת, מֹעֵצוֹת

Pro 22:20, Jer 7:24