StrongerBible

ma'alal

מַעֲלָל

HebrewH4611doings, deeds, ...

Appears 41 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Deu 28:20Jdg 2:191Sa 25:3Neh 9:35Psa 28:4Psa 77:11(12)Psa 78:7Psa 106:29Psa 106:39Pro 20:11Isa 1:16Isa 3:8Isa 3:10Jer 4:4Jer 4:18Jer 7:3Jer 7:5Jer 11:18Jer 17:10Jer 18:11Jer 21:12Jer 21:14Jer 23:2Jer 23:22Jer 25:5Jer 26:3Jer 26:13Jer 32:19Jer 35:15Jer 44:22Hos 4:9Hos 5:4Hos 7:2Hos 9:15Hos 12:2(3)Mic 2:7Mic 3:4Zec 1:4Zec 1:6
Root family
Word studymah-ah-LALnoun

What ma'alal means

deeds, practices: the things someone does, taken together as a course of conduct that reveals who they are and that they are answered for

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word almost always shows up in the plural, and it names not a single act but the whole pattern of what someone does. English gets close with deeds, doings, or practices, but the point is the sum of a life's conduct rather than one isolated action.

Most often the deeds in view are a person's or a nation's, and they are the very thing God weighs. The prophets pair the word again and again with a call to amend your ways and your doings, and with the promise that people will eat the fruit of their doings, for good or, far more commonly, for ill. So the word carries a built-in note of accountability: your practices are what you will answer for.

A handful of times the deeds belong to God rather than to people. There the same word names his acts in history, the works his people are told to remember and hand down. The thread tying both uses together is simple: deeds reveal the doer, whether the doer is a wayward nation or the God who saves it.

Nuances

1athe things people habitually do: one's conduct or practices, seen as the pattern that reveals character and is repaid, whether with reward or (most often) with judgment
Deu 28:20Jdg 2:191Sa 25:3Neh 9:35Psa 28:4Psa 106:29Psa 106:39Pro 20:11Isa 1:16Isa 3:8Isa 3:10Jer 4:4
1bthe deeds of God: his acts in history, remembered and recounted to the next generation
Psa 77:11(12)Psa 78:7

What scholars say about ma'alal

מַעֲלָל derives from the root עלל (to act, to deal with). In Biblical Hebrew it occurs only in the plural and is heavily concentrated in the prophets, above all Jeremiah, where the formula darkekem uma'alelekem, your ways and your doings, recurs. Standard lexica (BDB, HALOT) recognize a single sense, deeds or practices, distinguishing only between the deeds of humans, usually evil and the basis of recompense, and the deeds of God (Psalm 77:11; 78:7 in English versification). It is a near-synonym of מַעֲשֶׂה and פֹּעַל, and of עֲלִילָה from its own root, the latter tending toward the exceptional deed while ma'alal tends toward habitual practice.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. מַעֲלָלlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. מַעֲלָלlexicon
  • TWOT 1627 (עלל)theological-dictionary

All attested forms of מַעֲלָל

m p construct

מַעַלְלֵיהֶם, מַּעַלְלֵיהֶם

Psa 28:4, Psa 106:29, Psa 106:39, Isa 3:8, Isa 3:10, Jer 11:18, Jer 23:22, Jer 26:3

m p construct

מַעַלְלֵיכֶם, מַעֲלְלֵיכֶם

Isa 1:16, Jer 4:4, Jer 7:3, Jer 7:5, Jer 18:11, Jer 21:12, Jer 21:14, Jer 23:2

m p construct

מַעֲלָלָיו

Pro 20:11, Jer 17:10, Jer 32:19, Hos 4:9, Hos 12:2, Mic 2:7

m p construct

מַעַלְלֵי

Psa 77:11, Psa 78:7

m p absolute

מַעֲלָלִים

1Sa 25:3

m p construct

מַעֲלָלֵינוּ

Zec 1:6

m p construct

מַעֲלָלַיִךְ

Jer 4:18

m p construct

מַעֲלָלֶיךָ

Deu 28:20