StrongerBible

olel

עוֹלֵל

HebrewH5768infant, little ones, ...

Appears 20 times · tap a cell to see the verses

1Sa 15:31Sa 22:192Ki 8:12Job 3:16Psa 8:2(3)Psa 17:14Psa 137:9Isa 13:16Jer 6:11Jer 9:21(20)Jer 44:7Lam 1:5Lam 2:11Lam 2:19Lam 2:20Lam 4:4Hos 13:16(14:1)Jol 2:16Mic 2:9Nam 3:10
Root family
Word studyoh-LAYLnoun

What olel means

a young child: a small, dependent little one, from infancy through the early years.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is one of the Bible's words for a young child, the small and helpless little one. It reaches from the newborn through the early years of childhood, and it is regularly the word the text chooses when it wants to name the most defenseless people in a scene.

It sits among several Hebrew words for the young, and its place is at the vulnerable end of them:

  • smaller and weaker than the boy or lad (נַעַר), who is old enough to run errands and act on his own
  • close to the nursing baby (עוּל), and often standing right beside the suckling, though it can also be a slightly older child who already cries for bread
  • one of the household's dependents (טַף), the little ones counted among those a family must carry and protect

The heartbreaking thing about this word is where it keeps turning up. Far more than half of its appearances are scenes of war, siege, famine, and lament: children dashed to pieces, starving in the streets, killed alongside their mothers. That concentration is not part of what the word means, but it is where the Bible reaches for it, to name the innocent who suffer when a nation falls.

The one bright exception is Psalm 8, where God settles praise "out of the mouth of babes and sucklings." It is the same small children, now a picture of how God's strength shows through the weakest voices.

1Sa 15:31Sa 22:192Ki 8:12Job 3:16Psa 8:2(3)Psa 17:14Psa 137:9Isa 13:16Jer 6:11Jer 9:21(20)Jer 44:7Lam 1:5

What scholars say about olel

The standard lexicons (HALOT, BDB, DCH) agree on a single sense for this noun: a child, a young child. It derives from the root meaning "to suckle" or "nurse" (the same root behind the byform עוּל and the participle יוֹנֵק, "suckling"), and it denotes the small child at the dependent, pre-independent stage. Its range overlaps the nursing infant, with which it is frequently paired (as in 1 Samuel 15:3, עֹלֵל וְעַד יוֹנֵק), yet it can also designate a somewhat older child able to ask for food (Lamentations 4:4). A striking distributional feature, noted in the lexica and commentaries, is that the great majority of its twenty occurrences fall in oracles of judgment and in lament, where it names the innocent victims of war, siege, and famine; the sole clearly positive setting is Psalm 8:2 (English), cited in Matthew 21:16 in its Greek form. The distribution is a contextual observation, not a separate lexical sense.

Sources

  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. עוֹלֵל / עוֹלָלlexicon
  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. עוֹלֵלlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. עוֹלֵלlexicon

All attested forms of עוֹלֵל

m s absolute

עוֹלֵל, עוֹלָל, מֵעוֹלֵל, עֹלֵל

Jer 44:7, Lam 2:11, Jer 6:11, Jer 9:21, 1Sa 22:19, 1Sa 15:3

m p absolute

עוֹלָלִים, עוֹלְלִים, עֹלְלִים

Lam 4:4, Jol 2:16, Psa 8:2, Job 3:16

m p construct

עֹלְלֵיהֶם, לְעוֹלְלֵיהֶם

2Ki 8:12, Isa 13:16, Hos 13:16, Psa 17:14

m p construct

עֹלָלֶיהָ, עוֹלָלֶיהָ

Mic 2:9, Nam 3:10, Lam 1:5

m p construct

עוֹלָלַיִךְ, עֹלָלַיִךְ

Lam 2:19, Psa 137:9

m p construct

עֹלֲלֵי

Lam 2:20