StrongerBible

taph

טַף

HebrewH2945little ones, children, ...

Appears 42 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 34:29Gen 43:8Gen 45:19Gen 46:5Gen 47:12Gen 47:24Gen 50:8Gen 50:21Exo 10:10Exo 10:24Exo 12:37Num 14:3Num 14:31Num 16:27Num 31:9Num 31:17Num 31:18Num 32:16Num 32:17Num 32:24Num 32:26Deu 1:39Deu 2:34Deu 3:6Deu 3:19Deu 20:14Deu 29:11(10)Deu 31:12Jos 1:14Jos 8:35Jdg 18:21Jdg 21:102Sa 15:222Ch 20:132Ch 31:18Ezr 8:21Est 3:13Est 8:11Jer 40:7Jer 41:16Jer 43:6Ezk 9:6
Root family
Word studyTAHFnoun

What taph means

children, little ones: the young, dependent members of a household or nation, taken as a group rather than as one child

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

At its heart this word names the little ones of a family or a nation: the young children, always thought of as a group rather than as a single child. It is the word in the recurring roll call of a people, the men, the women, and the children, and it marks the youngest and most vulnerable among them.

It carries two closely related shades. Sometimes it points straight at the small children themselves, the ones who cannot yet tell right from wrong, the ones killed or spared in the grim accounts of ancient warfare. Other times it names the whole band of dependents, everyone who cannot fend for themselves and so must be looked after: the ones loaded into wagons for a long journey, left behind in fortified towns while the fighting men march out, and handed food in a famine. In these settings the little ones is a kind of shorthand for all who must be carried, sheltered, and fed.

The word is not as narrow as the English little ones can sound. It is not limited to infants, and it is not limited to boys: in one passage the little ones spared in war are the young unmarried women. So the term really marks a social role, the dependent young of a group, more than a fixed age or sex.

Nuances

1ayoung children: the small, dependent young of a group, counted among a people and, in accounts of war, killed or spared as those who cannot fight
Gen 34:29Num 14:3Num 14:31Num 31:9Num 31:17Num 31:18Deu 1:39Deu 2:34Deu 3:6Deu 20:14Jdg 21:10Est 3:13
1bthe dependent household: the little ones as the vulnerable members of a group who cannot fend for themselves, the ones carried in wagons, left in safe towns, and provided for
Gen 43:8Gen 45:19Gen 46:5Gen 47:12Gen 47:24Gen 50:8Gen 50:21Exo 10:10Exo 10:24Num 32:16Num 32:17Num 32:24

What scholars say about taph

The lexica (BDB; HALOT) treat this as a single collective noun for children or little ones, frequently functioning as a designation for the whole body of dependents (women and children, or the noncombatant members of a community) as distinct from the men of fighting age. It recurs in enumerations of a population (men, women, and children) and in narratives of migration and warfare, where the group must be transported, sheltered, or provisioned (Genesis 45:19; Numbers 32). The Septuagint frequently renders it with ἀποσκευή, baggage, capturing the dependent, to-be-carried nuance rather than a strict age term. The traditional derivation from a verb meaning to trip or take short quick steps (whence little ones as those who patter along) is reflected in BDB but is not certain; HALOT leaves the etymology open. TWOT and the standard commentators note the same range, with debate over how far the term broadens to include the wives in contexts such as Numbers 32.

Sources

  • Brown, Driver, and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, s.v. טַףlexicon
  • Koehler and Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, s.v. טַףlexicon
  • R. L. Harris, ed., Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, entry on טַףtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of טַף

m s absolute

טַּף, טָּף, טַף, טָף

Num 31:18, Deu 20:14, Deu 31:12, Jos 8:35, Jdg 18:21, 2Sa 15:22, Jer 43:6, Gen 47:12

m s construct

טַפְּכֶם

Gen 45:19, Gen 47:24, Gen 50:21, Exo 10:10, Exo 10:24, Num 14:31, Num 32:24, Deu 1:39

m s construct

טַפָּם

Gen 34:29, Gen 46:5, Gen 50:8, Num 16:27, Num 31:9, 2Ch 20:13, 2Ch 31:18

m s construct

טַפֵּנוּ

Gen 43:8, Num 14:3, Num 32:16, Num 32:17, Num 32:26, Ezr 8:21