StrongerBible

meshammah

מְשַׁמָּה

HebrewH4923desolation, astonishment, ...

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Isa 15:6Jer 48:34Ezk 5:15Ezk 6:14Ezk 33:28Ezk 33:29Ezk 35:3
Word studymeh-sham-MAHnoun

What meshammah means

wasteland: ground wrecked and emptied until nothing lives on it, and the horror of the people who look at it

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

This is a rare word. All seven of its appearances sit in prophecies of judgment, and it almost never stands on its own. Four of the five times Ezekiel uses it he sets it right beside the ordinary Hebrew word for desolation (שְׁמָמָה), so the sentence reads roughly "I will make the land a desolation and a waste." The two words mean nearly the same thing, and that is exactly the point: stacking a word next to its own near twin is how Hebrew raises its voice.

Underneath the word is a picture of ground that has been emptied out. A country reaches that state when its people are killed or carried off and no one is left to work the fields. A river valley reaches it when the water fails, the grass dries up, and the green is gone. Either way what is left cannot support life, and there is no one there to care for it.

Once, in Ezekiel 5:15, the word shifts from the ruin itself to the reaction it causes. Jerusalem is to become a reproach and a taunt, a warning and a horror to the nations around her: not merely a wrecked city, but a wrecked city that other people stare at and shudder over. The root behind this word covers both the wreckage and the dread, which is why one Hebrew term can move so easily from the one to the other.

Nuances

1aa land wrecked and emptied of its people, left as bare waste ground
TranslatabilityApproximate
Ezk 6:14Ezk 33:28Ezk 33:29Ezk 35:3
1bof streams and watering places: dried up and turned to barren waste
Isa 15:6Jer 48:34
1csomething so ruined that the people who see it are appalled
Ezk 5:15

What scholars say about meshammah

מְשַׁמָּה is a rare m-preformative noun from the root שׁמם, whose semantic field spans physical devastation and the appalled reaction that devastation evokes; the lexica gloss it across that span, BDB as "devastation, waste" and HALOT as "horror, devastation". Five of its seven attestations are Ezekielian, and in four of them (6:14; 33:28, 29; 35:3) it forms a fixed pair with its cognate שְׁמָמָה in the judgment formula "I will make the land שְׁמָמָה וּמְשַׁמָּה", where the collocation of two near-synonymous derivatives of a single root functions as intensification rather than as two distinct predications. Ezekiel 5:15 instead places it in a series with חֶרְפָּה, גְּדוּפָה, and מוּסָר, a reception-oriented sequence that favors the nuance of an object of horror to onlookers, the nuance carried more regularly by the cognate שַׁמָּה in the Jeremianic judgment formula. The two plural attestations (Isaiah 15:6; Jeremiah 48:34) belong to the shared Moab oracle and describe the waters of Nimrim reduced to dry wastes.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. מְשַׁמָּהlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. מְשַׁמָּהlexicon
  • TDOT, s.v. שׁמםtheological-dictionary
  • Daniel I. Block, The Book of Ezekiel, Chapters 1 to 24 (NICOT; Eerdmans, 1997)commentary

All attested forms of מְשַׁמָּה

f s absolute

מְשַׁמָּה

Ezk 5:15, Ezk 6:14, Ezk 33:28, Ezk 33:29, Ezk 35:3

f p absolute

מְשַׁמּוֹת

Isa 15:6, Jer 48:34