StrongerBible

periblepō

περιβλέπω

GreekG4017look around, look round about, ...

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mrk 3:5Mrk 3:34Mrk 5:32Mrk 9:8Mrk 10:23Mrk 11:11Luk 6:10
Compound of
Word studypeh-ree-BLEH-poverb

What periblepō means

to look around: to sweep the eyes over the whole circle of people or things present, rather than fixing them on one point

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

The word is the ordinary verb for looking (βλέπω) with a small word meaning "around" attached, and the addition does all the work. The eyes travel over everyone and everything nearby instead of settling on one face, which makes it the natural opposite of the word for a look aimed at a single person (ἐμβλέπω).

It is close to a signature of Mark's Gospel. Six of its seven appearances are in Mark, and the seventh is Luke keeping the detail in a scene he took over from Mark. Mark likes to tell us what Jesus's eyes did, and this is the gesture he reports most often: Jesus takes in the room, and then he speaks.

  • He sweeps his eyes over the hostile crowd in the synagogue, angry and grieved at them, and then heals the man's withered hand (Mark 3:5).
  • He looks around at the people seated in a circle about him and says that these are his mother and his brothers (Mark 3:34).
  • He looks around, and then tells his disciples how hard it is for the rich to enter God's kingdom (Mark 10:23).
  • In Luke's telling of the synagogue healing he looks around at every one of them before giving the command (Luke 6:10).

Twice the sweep takes in surroundings instead of faces. The disciples look around on the mountain and find nobody left with them but Jesus (Mark 9:8), and Jesus looks around at everything in the temple courts before leaving for the night, a survey that reads like an inspection once you see what he does there the next morning (Mark 11:11). Once, in Mark 5:32, the looking is a search rather than a survey: he keeps scanning the crowd to find the woman who had touched him, and English usually has to add words such as "to see who" before that comes through.

Nuances

1aa sweeping look at the people present, most often coming just before Jesus speaks
Mrk 3:5Mrk 3:34Mrk 10:23Luk 6:10
1bto look around at one's surroundings and take in what is there
TranslatabilityDirect
Mrk 9:8Mrk 11:11
1cto look around for someone: to scan a crowd in order to find one particular person
Mrk 5:32

What scholars say about periblepō

BDAG records περιβλέπω in the New Testament only in the middle voice, περιβλέπομαι, and divides it in two: to look around at someone or something (Mark 3:5, 3:34; 10:23; 11:11; Luke 6:10, with the absolute use at Mark 9:8), and to look around for someone, that is to seek by looking about, for the imperfect περιεβλέπετο of Mark 5:32 with its complementary infinitive ἰδεῖν. LSJ documents the same range in classical and Hellenistic Greek, including the surveying of a scene, and in the related adjective περίβλεπτος the further notion of being looked at from every side and so admired; that evaluative nuance is absent from the New Testament instances. The distribution is the word's most discussed feature: six of the seven occurrences are Markan, Luke 6:10 preserves the participle in material drawn from Mark 3:1-6, and the Matthean parallel at Matthew 12:13 drops it. Commentators from Taylor to France treat περιβλεψάμενος as characteristic of Mark's vivid reporting of Jesus's gaze and emotion, standing very often immediately before a verb of speaking so that the look introduces the pronouncement. On Mark 11:11 the participle with πάντα is commonly read as a deliberate inspection of the temple preparing the action of Mark 11:15-17 rather than an incidental glance (so France and Marcus). The lexical sense of the verb itself is not in dispute.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. περιβλέπωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. περιβλέπωlexicon
  • EDNT, s.v. περιβλέπωtheological-dictionary
  • TDNT, s.v. ὁράω (W. Michaelis)theological-dictionary
  • Vincent Taylor, The Gospel According to St. Mark, on Mark 3:5commentary
  • R. T. France, The Gospel of Mark (NIGTC), on Mark 11:11commentary
  • Joel Marcus, Mark 8-16 (Anchor Yale Bible), on Mark 11:11commentary

All attested forms of περιβλέπω

aorist middle participle nominative m s

περιβλεψάμενος

Mrk 3:5, Mrk 3:34, Mrk 10:23, Mrk 11:11, Luk 6:10

aorist middle participle nominative m p

περιβλεψάμενοι

Mrk 9:8

imperfect middle indicative 3s

περιεβλέπετο

Mrk 5:32