StrongerBible

kardia

καρδία

GreekG2588heart, mind

Appears 161 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 5:8Mat 5:28Mat 6:21Mat 9:4Mat 11:29Mat 12:34Mat 12:35Mat 12:40Mat 13:15 (2×)Mat 13:19Mat 15:8Mat 15:18Mat 15:19Mat 18:35Mat 22:37Mat 24:48Mrk 2:6Mrk 2:8Mrk 3:5Mrk 4:15Mrk 6:52Mrk 7:6Mrk 7:19Mrk 7:21Mrk 8:17Mrk 11:23Mrk 12:30Mrk 12:33Luk 1:17Luk 1:51Luk 1:66Luk 2:19Luk 2:35Luk 2:51Luk 3:15Luk 4:18Luk 5:22Luk 6:45 (3×)Luk 12:34Luk 16:15Luk 21:14Luk 21:34Luk 24:32Jhn 12:40Jhn 13:2Jhn 14:1Jhn 14:27Jhn 16:6Jhn 16:22Act 2:26
Names & words formed with this
Word studykar-DEE-ahnoun

What kardia means

1

the heart: the hidden center of the whole inner person, where a human being thinks, decides, feels, and stands before God.

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

In the Bible the heart is not mainly the place where you feel things, the way we use the word today. It is the control room of the whole inner life: where you think and understand, where you make up your mind and set your purpose, where you feel joy or grief, and above all where you are truly yourself before God. When the Bible wants to speak of the real you, the part that no one else sees, it says "heart."

Because it covers all of that at once, the same word can lean toward any one of those facets depending on the sentence. In one place the heart reasons and ponders, in another it decides, in another it breaks or rejoices, and in another it believes or grows hard toward God. These are not different words; they are the same inner center seen from different angles, which is why English needs "mind," "will," or "feelings" in different verses where the Greek simply says "heart."

Its deepest use is moral and spiritual. The heart is what God examines and what God renews. Purity, faith, repentance, and stubbornness are all located there, because the heart is where a person says yes or no to God in the place no one but God can see. This is the thread that ties Jesus' teaching (it is from the heart that defilement comes) to Paul's (with the heart one believes) and runs straight back to the Hebrew Scriptures.

Nuances

1athe mind: where a person thinks, understands, ponders, and reasons.
Mat 9:4Mrk 2:6Mrk 2:8Luk 1:66Luk 2:19Luk 2:51Luk 3:15Luk 5:22Luk 9:47Luk 24:38Rom 1:211Co 2:9
1bthe will: where a person resolves, intends, and sets a purpose.
Mat 24:48Luk 12:45Luk 21:14Jhn 13:2Act 5:3Act 5:4Act 7:23Act 11:231Co 7:372Co 9:7Rev 17:17Rev 18:7
1cthe seat of feeling: where joy, grief, fear, love, and longing are felt.
Luk 24:32Jhn 14:1Jhn 14:27Jhn 16:6Jhn 16:22Act 2:26Act 2:37Act 21:13Rom 9:22Co 2:42Co 6:11Php 1:7
1dthe moral and spiritual center: where a person believes, repents, loves God or turns hard against him, and where God searches and renews the inner self.
Mat 5:8Mat 5:28Mat 12:34Mat 13:15 (2×)Mat 13:19Mat 15:8Mat 15:18Mat 15:19Mat 22:37Mrk 7:6Mrk 7:19Mrk 7:21
1ethe hidden inner self, as opposed to the outward appearance: who a person truly is beneath what others can see.
Luk 2:35Luk 16:15Rom 8:271Co 4:51Co 14:252Co 5:121Th 2:41Pe 3:4Rev 2:23
2

the center or deep interior of a place or thing.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

In one New Testament use, the word moves from the human heart to the hidden middle of the earth. The point is not thought, feeling, or moral life, but location: the Son of Man will be in the earth's deep interior.

Mat 12:40

What scholars say about kardia

The standard lexica (BDAG) and theological dictionaries (TDNT, Behm; EDNT; NIDNTT, Sorg) treat καρδία as a single, richly polyvalent term: the heart is the hidden center of the whole inner life, embracing thought, will, emotion, and the moral and religious self. There is broad agreement that the New Testament use is governed by the Hebrew leb / lebab rather than by Greek psychology, which is why the heart so readily means the seat of understanding and decision, not merely of feeling. The chief facets the lexica distinguish are the heart as the organ of thought and understanding, as the seat of will and intention, as the seat of feeling, and above all as the moral and spiritual center where a person stands before God, is searched by God, and is renewed. These are regarded as facets of one term, not separate words, and English translators reach for "mind," "will," or "feelings" where context requires. The word carries no distinctively Greek anthropological dualism of its own.

Sources

  • BDAG (Bauer-Danker-Arndt-Gingrich), s.v. καρδίαlexicon
  • LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones), s.v. καρδίαlexicon
  • Johannes Behm, "καρδία," in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (TDNT) 3:605-614dictionary
  • T. Sorg, "Heart," in New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology (NIDNTT) 2:180-184dictionary
  • A. Sand, "καρδία," in Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament (EDNT) 2:249-251dictionary
  • Hans Walter Wolff, Anthropology of the Old Testament (1974)monograph
  • Robert Jewett, Paul's Anthropological Terms (1971)monograph

All attested forms of καρδία

dative f s

καρδίᾳ

Mat 5:8, Mat 5:28, Mat 11:29, Mat 12:40, Mat 13:15, Mat 13:19, Mat 22:37, Mat 24:48

genitive f s

καρδίας

Mat 12:34, Mat 12:35, Mat 15:18, Mat 15:19, Mrk 3:5, Mrk 7:21, Mrk 12:30, Mrk 12:33

accusative f p

καρδίας

Luk 1:17, Luk 16:15, Act 14:17, Act 15:9, Rom 8:27, Rom 16:18, Gal 4:6, Eph 6:22

dative f p

καρδίαις

Mat 9:4, Mrk 2:6, Mrk 2:8, Mrk 4:15, Luk 3:15, Luk 5:22, Luk 21:14, Act 7:39

accusative f s

καρδίαν

Mrk 7:19, Mrk 8:17, Luk 4:18, Jhn 12:40, Jhn 13:2, Jhn 16:6, Act 2:37, Act 5:3

nominative f s

καρδία

Mat 6:21, Mat 13:15, Mat 15:8, Mrk 6:52, Mrk 7:6, Luk 12:34, Luk 24:32, Jhn 14:1

genitive f p

καρδιῶν

Mat 18:35, Luk 2:35, Rom 1:24, 1Co 4:5

nominative f p

καρδίαι

Luk 21:34, Col 2:2