fig: the cultivated fig tree and the sweet fruit it bears, one of the staple plants of ancient Israel
This one word covers both the fig tree and the fruit it produces, and context tells a reader which is meant. Some verses picture the tree itself, its leaves, its shade, its branches, while others speak of the figs eaten fresh or dried and pressed into cakes. The fig was a mainstay of life in the land: alongside the grapevine and the olive, it is one of the plants that mark the promised land as good and fruitful, and a healthy fig tree stood for a settled, well-fed household.
Because the fig meant food and security, it became a natural picture in two directions. When the prophets want an image of God's blessing and peace, they show each person sitting under their own vine and fig tree, unafraid. When they want an image of judgment, they show the fig trees stripped, withered, or their fruit ruined, and Israel itself is sometimes likened to a fig tree or its early fruit.
So the range of the word is narrow in one sense (it always means the fig) but rich in what the fig came to stand for. The reader's main task is simply to notice whether a given verse means the plant or the fruit, and to feel the settled, homely comfort the fig carried for people who depended on it.