StrongerBible

pe'er

פְּאֵר

HebrewH6287headdress, beauty, ...

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 39:28Isa 3:20Isa 61:3Isa 61:10Ezk 24:17Ezk 24:23Ezk 44:18
Root family
Word studypeh-AIRnoun

What pe'er means

a fine headdress: the decorative head covering worn by a serving priest, a bridegroom, or a woman in her finery, and kept on or laid aside as a public sign of joy or grief.

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

This word names a thing you can put on and take off: cloth or a band wrapped around the head to make the wearer look splendid. It belongs to the same family as the verb for making something beautiful (פָּאַר) and the abstract noun for splendor itself (תִּפְאֶרֶת), so the object and the beauty it shows off share one root. Israel had other head coverings with other jobs, and this one is the handsome, festive piece rather than a badge of rank: the high priest's own turban (מִצְנֶפֶת) is a different word, and a metal circlet (עֲטָרָה) is different again.

Because the thing is worn on formal and glad occasions, it does two jobs at once. It marks a person's place, as with the linen headwear of the ordinary priests on duty, in the wilderness tent and again in Ezekiel's vision of a restored temple. And it marks the mood of a day: a bridegroom puts one on for his wedding, and a woman wears one along with her bracelets and rings.

That second job is why the word turns up in the middle of grief. Mourners in Israel bared their heads or heaped dust on them, so a headdress left bound in place is a visible announcement that a person is not mourning. Ezekiel is told to keep his on the day his wife dies, and the exiles are warned they will do the same when Jerusalem falls, too stunned for the usual rites. Isaiah turns it the other way: God gives the mourners of Zion a headdress in place of the ashes on their heads, and in Hebrew the word for the headdress and the word for ashes sound almost the same.

Nuances

1athe priests' linen headdress: the head covering worn by ordinary priests while serving.
TranslatabilityApproximate
Exo 39:28Ezk 44:18
1bthe headdress of a glad day: worn by a bridegroom, or kept bound on the head as the visible sign that a person is not in mourning.
Isa 61:3Isa 61:10Ezk 24:17Ezk 24:23
1ca woman's ornamental headpiece: listed among the jewelry and finery of the well dressed women of Jerusalem.
Isa 3:20

What scholars say about pe'er

The critical lexicons treat H6287 as a single lexeme naming an ornamental head covering. BDB heads the entry "head-dress, turban" with the cautious qualification "(? originally ornament)", and its citations cover the whole distribution: the priestly headwear of Exodus 39:28 and Ezekiel 44:18, the bridegroom of Isaiah 61:10, the festal headdress of Isaiah 61:3, the women's finery of Isaiah 3:20, and the two Ezekiel 24 verses. HALOT and DCH agree on that range. The noun belongs with the verb פאר (Piel "to beautify, glorify"; Hitpael "to boast, to be glorified") and with the abstract nouns תפארת and תפארה; Klein derives all the nouns from the verb, while others have argued that the verb is denominative from this noun, and the standard lexicons do not adjudicate the direction. Both BDB (as a doubtful second root) and Klein (as פאר II) set apart the homonymous "bough, branch" material of Ezekiel 17:6 and 31:5 together with the gleaning verb of Deuteronomy 24:20. On Isaiah 61:3 the commentators (Westermann, Blenkinsopp, Goldingay) note the assonance of פאר and אפר and read the gift as a concrete festal headdress replacing the dust of mourning, with the sequence of substitutions running through oil and a garment as well. On Ezekiel 24:17 and 24:23 the commentators (Zimmerli, Greenberg) read the retained headdress and sandals as the deliberate suspension of the customary mourning rites, so that the prophet's untouched appearance is itself the sign-act.

Sources

  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. פְּאֵרlexicon
  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. פְּאֵרlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. פְּאֵרlexicon
  • Klein, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language, s.v. פארdictionary
  • Westermann, Isaiah 40-66 (Old Testament Library)commentary
  • Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 56-66 (Anchor Bible)commentary
  • Goldingay, Isaiah 56-66 (International Critical Commentary)commentary
  • Zimmerli, Ezekiel 1 (Hermeneia)commentary
  • Greenberg, Ezekiel 21-37 (Anchor Bible)commentary

All attested forms of פְּאֵר

m p construct

פַּאֲרֵי

Exo 39:28, Ezk 44:18

m s absolute

פְּאֵר

Isa 61:3, Isa 61:10

m p absolute

פְּאֵרִים

Isa 3:20

m p construct

פְאֵרֵכֶם

Ezk 24:23

m s construct

פְאֵרְךָ

Ezk 24:17