StrongerBible

atarah

עֲטָרָה

HebrewH5850crown

Appears 23 times · tap a cell to see the verses

2Sa 12:301Ch 20:2Est 8:15Job 19:9Job 31:36Psa 21:3(4)Pro 4:9Pro 12:4Pro 14:24Pro 16:31Pro 17:6Sng 3:11Isa 28:1Isa 28:3Ezk 21:26(31)Zec 6:11Zec 6:14
Root family
Word studya-tah-RAHnoun

What atarah means

a crown or wreath: a circlet worn on the head as a mark of royalty, celebration, or honor

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Hebrew word for a crown, but it covers more ground than the English word suggests. It can be the golden crown of a king, the festive wreath a bridegroom wears at his wedding, or a woven garland of honor set on someone's head. What ties these together is the picture of something encircling the head to signal rank, joy, or worth.

The word also moves easily from the literal object to a figure of speech. A capable wife, gray hair earned in a long good life, grandchildren, or hard-won riches can each be called a person's crown: the thing that visibly adorns them and shows their honor. The prophets take the image in both directions, promising that the Lord himself will be a crown of glory to his people, and mocking a proud city as a wilting crown of pride about to be trampled underfoot.

Because the crown sits on the head in full view, losing it becomes a sharp picture of disgrace: to have the crown fall from one's head is to be stripped of honor and standing.

Nuances

1aa literal crown or diadem worn on the head: the golden crown of a king, or a ceremonial or festive crown
2Sa 12:301Ch 20:2Est 8:15Psa 21:3(4)Sng 3:11Jer 13:18Ezk 16:12Ezk 21:26(31)Ezk 23:42Zec 6:11Zec 6:14
1ba crown as an image of honor, glory, or dignity that adorns a person
Job 19:9Job 31:36Pro 4:9Pro 12:4Pro 14:24Pro 16:31Pro 17:6Isa 28:5Isa 62:3Lam 5:16
1ca crown of pride: an ironic figure for a proud people or city whose splendor is fading and doomed
Isa 28:1Isa 28:3

What scholars say about atarah

The lexica agree on the sense: an ataroth is a crown or wreath encircling the head, from the root meaning to surround or encompass. BDB and HALOT divide the uses into the literal crown, worn by kings (2 Samuel 12:30; Psalm 21:3), by a bridegroom (Song of Songs 3:11), and as ornament (Ezekiel 16:12; 23:42), and the figurative crown of honor, glory, or dignity (Proverbs 4:9; 16:31; Isaiah 62:3), with Isaiah 28:1, 3 turning the image ironically into a crown of pride set against the true crown of glory in 28:5. The crowns of Zechariah 6:11, 14 present a text-critical crux, since the plural noun stands with a singular verb; commentators such as Meyers and Meyers and Petersen weigh whether one crown or several are meant and whose names the memorial honors, but this bears on the passage, not on the meaning of the word.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. עֲטָרָהlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. עֲטָרָהlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. עֲטָרָהlexicon
  • Carol L. Meyers and Eric M. Meyers, Haggai, Zechariah 1-8 (Anchor Bible 25B)commentary
  • David L. Petersen, Haggai and Zechariah 1-8 (Old Testament Library)commentary

All attested forms of עֲטָרָה

f s construct

עֲטֶרֶת

2Sa 12:30, 1Ch 20:2, Est 8:15, Job 19:9, Psa 21:3, Pro 4:9, Pro 12:4, Pro 14:24

f p absolute

עֲטָרוֹת, עֲטָרֹת

Job 31:36, Zec 6:11, Zec 6:14

f s absolute

עֲטָרָה

Sng 3:11, Ezk 21:26