StrongerBible

attah

עַתָּה

HebrewH6258now, now therefore, ...

Appears 433 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 3:22Gen 4:11Gen 11:6Gen 12:19Gen 19:9Gen 20:7Gen 21:23Gen 22:12Gen 24:49Gen 26:22Gen 26:29Gen 27:3Gen 32:4(5)Exo 9:18Deu 12:9Jos 14:111Sa 17:292Sa 19:7(8)1Ki 14:142Ki 8:62Ki 13:23Hos 2:7(9)
Word studyat-TAHadverb

What attah means

now: at this present point in time, as opposed to the past or the future

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Hebrew word for "now." At its core it marks the present moment, the point in time the speaker is standing in, set off from what came before and what will come after. Most of its hundreds of appearances are simply that: now, at this time, as things currently stand.

But a word for "now" naturally does more than mark the clock. Speakers use it to pivot. Having laid out the situation, a speaker says "and now" and turns to what should be done about it, so the word becomes a hinge between a reason and a request or command. This is by far its most common job in conversation and prayer, and it is the same word doing the same thing: "given where we now are, here is what follows."

It also stretches in the other direction. In statements about what would or should have happened, it carries the sense of "by now" or "already," picturing a result that the present moment either confirms or, in a regret, denies ("by now you would have sent me away empty"). These are not separate words but one word's natural range, anchored throughout in the present.

Nuances

1aat this present time; now, as things currently stand
Gen 19:9Gen 29:32Gen 30:30Gen 32:10Exo 5:5Jos 14:10Jos 14:111Sa 12:2Job 30:1Job 30:9Psa 12:5Hos 5:7
1band now; now therefore: a turn from what has just been said to what should follow from it (a request, a command, a conclusion)
Gen 3:22Gen 24:49Gen 31:13Gen 31:44Gen 45:5Gen 45:8Exo 3:9Exo 3:10Exo 19:5Jos 24:141Sa 8:51Sa 8:9
1cby now; already: of a result reached, or that would have been reached, at this point (often in a statement of what would otherwise have happened)
Gen 31:42Gen 43:10Exo 9:15Num 22:29Num 22:331Sa 13:131Sa 14:302Ki 13:19Job 3:13Job 6:21Job 8:6

Uncategorized

Awaiting AI sense categorization.

12 verses
Job 14:16Job 35:15Psa 125:2Psa 131:3Pro 5:7Pro 7:24Pro 8:32Isa 1:21Isa 5:3Isa 5:5Isa 9:7Isa 16:14

What scholars say about attah

The lexica treat עַתָּה as a single temporal adverb, "now, at this time," built on the noun עֵת "time," with a well-attested range of pragmatic uses. BDB and HALOT distinguish the bare temporal sense from the very frequent logical/transitional use, especially the formula וְעַתָּה ("and now"), which marks the move from a stated premise to an exhortation, petition, or conclusion; H. A. Brongers ("Bemerkungen zum Gebrauch des adverbialen we'attah im Alten Testament," VT 15 [1965]: 289-299) and A. Laurentin ("We'attah: Kai nun. Formule caracteristique des textes juridiques et liturgiques," Biblica 45 [1964]: 168-197, 413-432) document this transitional function in legal, epistolary, and liturgical contexts. A third, less frequent use appears in counterfactual and resultative clauses (often כִּי עַתָּה), where it means "by now" or "already." There is no live disagreement about what the word means; the sense inventory is settled and the only nuance is pragmatic.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. עַתָּהlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. עַתָּהlexicon
  • H. A. Brongers, "Bemerkungen zum Gebrauch des adverbialen we'attah im Alten Testament," Vetus Testamentum 15 (1965): 289-299article
  • A. Laurentin, "We'attah: Kai nun. Formule caracteristique des textes juridiques et liturgiques," Biblica 45 (1964): 168-197, 413-432article

All attested forms of עַתָּה

adv

עַתָּה, עָתָּה

Gen 3:22, Gen 4:11, Gen 11:6, Gen 12:19, Gen 19:9, Gen 20:7, Gen 21:23, Gen 22:12