StrongerBible

ēdē

ἤδη

GreekG2235already, now

Appears 61 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 3:10Mat 5:28Mat 14:15Mat 14:24Mat 15:32Mat 17:12Mat 24:32Mrk 4:37Mrk 6:35 (2×)Mrk 8:2Mrk 11:11Mrk 13:28Jhn 7:14
Compound of
Word studyAY-dayadverb

What ēdē means

already: by this point in time (often sooner than expected)

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This little adverb marks that something has come to pass by the moment being talked about. Its work is to fix a point on a timeline and say that the event has reached or passed it: the thing is done, the state is in force, the hour has arrived. Very often it carries a note of surprise or urgency, that what we might have thought still lay ahead is in fact here.

Most of the time the natural English word is "already." The axe is already at the root of the trees, the man has already done wrong in his heart, the condemnation is already in force. A second, closely related use simply marks a moment that has now arrived, where English prefers "now" or "by now": the hour is now late, it was now dark, the day was already far spent. These are two shades of a single idea, the arrival of a point in time, not two separate words.

Because it pins down timing rather than naming a thing, it has no theology of its own. Its weight comes from what it is attached to. When the Gospel of John says a person is condemned "already," or the apostle Paul says some people teach that the resurrection is "already" past, the small word does heavy lifting: it presses a future reality into the present and makes the hearer reckon with it now.

Nuances

1aalready: an event has happened or a state holds by this time, often earlier than expected
Mat 3:10Mat 5:28Mat 17:12Mrk 15:42Mrk 15:44Luk 3:9Luk 11:7Luk 12:49Luk 14:17Jhn 3:18Jhn 4:35Jhn 5:6
1bnow, by now: a point in time has arrived, especially the lateness of the hour or day
Mat 14:15Mat 14:24Mat 15:32Mrk 6:35 (2×)Mrk 8:2Mrk 11:11Luk 7:6Luk 24:29Jhn 6:17Jhn 7:14Jhn 21:4Act 27:9

What scholars say about ēdē

Lexica treat ἤδη as a temporal adverb meaning "already, now, by this time," with the core notion of a point reached on a timeline, frequently with an implication that it has come sooner than expected (BDAG; LSJ). Standard reference works distinguish a use rendered "already" (a completed event or established state) from a use rendered "now/by now" marking the arrival of a moment, often in time-of-day expressions; these are nuances of one adverb, not distinct lexemes. There is no live debate about its sense.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. ἤδηlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. ἤδηlexicon

All attested forms of ἤδη

adv

ἤδη, Ἤδη

Mat 5:28, Mat 14:15, Mat 14:24, Mat 15:32, Mat 17:12, Mat 24:32, Mrk 4:37, Mrk 6:35