to find: to come upon or get hold of something, whether by searching for it or by stumbling onto it.
At its core this word covers the whole arc of getting hold of something. At one end is the deliberate search that succeeds: you look for a thing and you find it. At the other end is the chance encounter: you were not looking, but there it was. The same word does both, which is why the surrounding story has to tell you whether the finding was hunted for or happened by surprise.
From that center the word stretches in natural directions. To find what you wanted is to get it or attain it, so the word slides into reaching a goal, securing a wife, gaining wisdom. To catch up with someone who is fleeing is to find them in the sense of overtaking them, and that is how trouble, judgment, or an enemy is said to find a person: it tracks them down and reaches them. The word can also simply mean that a thing is there to be found, that it exists or is available, which is why so often it is put the other way around, that something was found, turned up, or proved to be present.
One idiom deserves its own note. To find favor in someone's eyes is the standard biblical way of saying you won their goodwill or acceptance. It is not that favor was lying somewhere waiting to be discovered; the phrase has set into a fixed expression for being looked on kindly, and it runs from Noah through the whole Old Testament.
The senses below are shades of this one idea, not different words. Hebrew uses one verb where English reaches for several (find, come upon, catch, obtain, be present), and the right English word depends entirely on what is being found and how.