StrongerBible

millah

מִלָּה

HebrewH4405word, speech, ...

Appears 38 times · tap a cell to see the verses

2Sa 23:2Job 4:2Job 4:4Job 6:26Job 8:10Job 12:11Job 13:17Job 15:3Job 15:13Job 16:4Job 18:2Job 19:2Job 19:23Job 21:2Job 23:5Job 24:25Job 26:4Job 29:9Job 29:22Job 30:9Job 32:11Job 32:14Job 32:15Job 32:18Job 33:1Job 33:8Job 33:32Job 34:2Job 34:3Job 34:16Job 35:4Job 35:16Job 36:2Job 36:4Psa 19:4(5)Psa 139:4Pro 23:9
Root family
Word studymil-LAHnoun

What millah means

words or speech: what a person says, whether a single utterance or a whole line of argument

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the poetic word for a spoken word, and it is a favorite of the book of Job, which accounts for all but a handful of its uses. Wherever Job and his friends trade arguments, listen to one another, and answer back, this is the word for the words they are exchanging. It works much like the ordinary Hebrew word for word or matter, but it belongs to raised, poetic language rather than everyday conversation.

Its range runs from a single thing said to a whole speech. In some verses it is one utterance on the tongue, as when a psalmist says God knows a word before it is spoken. More often it is speech taken as a whole: an argument to be weighed, a case to be answered, a flow of talk that can be multiplied, cut short, or found empty. English usually renders it word, words, or speech depending on which shade the verse needs.

One verse stretches it further. When Job says he has become the talk of those who scorn him, the same word names not what he says but what others keep saying about him: a byword, the subject of their mockery.

The word has a close cousin in Aramaic, where a nearly identical term is the everyday word for a word, and also for a matter or affair. In Hebrew it stays with speech, and its heavy concentration in poetry gives it a formal, weighty feel that plain prose does not carry.

Nuances

1a
Job 4:2Job 4:4Job 6:26Job 8:10Job 12:11Job 13:17Job 15:3Job 15:13Job 16:4Job 18:2Job 19:2Job 19:23
1ba byword: the person others keep talking about and mocking
Job 30:9

What scholars say about millah

The standard lexica (BDB, HALOT, DCH) treat H4405 מִלָּה as a single poetic noun meaning word, speech, or utterance, a synonym of דָּבָר confined largely to elevated verse. Of its 38 occurrences, 34 fall in Job, where it is the characteristic term for the disputants' arguments; the rest are 2 Samuel 23:2 (David's last words), Psalm 19:4, Psalm 139:4, and Proverbs 23:9, all poetic. It is cognate with Aramaic מִלָּה (H4406), the ordinary Aramaic word for word/matter (frequent in Daniel), and its distribution reflects the Aramaic-flavored, late-poetic character often noted in Job. There is no dispute over its sense. Job 30:9 uses it for the object of others' mockery (a byword), paralleling נְגִינָה (a taunt-song), a reading the lexica and commentators recognize.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. מִלָּהlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. מִלָּהlexicon
  • D. J. A. Clines, The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, s.v. מִלָּהlexicon
  • D. J. A. Clines, Job 1-20, Word Biblical Commentary 17commentary

All attested forms of מִלָּה

m p absolute

מִלִּין, מִלִּים

Job 4:2, Job 12:11, Job 15:13, Job 18:2, Job 26:4, Job 32:11, Job 32:14, Job 33:8

m p construct

מִלָּי

Job 19:23, Job 33:1, Job 34:2, Job 34:16, Job 36:4

f s construct

מִלָּתִי

Job 13:17, Job 21:2, Job 24:25, Job 29:22

f s absolute

מִלָּה

Job 30:9, Psa 139:4

m p construct

מִלֶּיךָ

Job 4:4, Pro 23:9

f s construct

מִלָּתוֹ

2Sa 23:2

m p construct

מִלֵּיהֶם

Psa 19:4