StrongerBible

yaval

יָבַל

HebrewH2986lead, bring, ...

Appears 18 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Job 10:19Job 21:30Job 21:32Psa 45:14(15)Psa 45:15(16)Psa 60:9(11)Psa 68:29(30)Psa 76:11(12)Psa 108:10(11)Isa 18:7Isa 23:7Isa 53:7Isa 55:12Jer 11:19Jer 31:9Hos 10:6Hos 12:1(2)Zep 3:10
Names & words formed with this
Word studyyah-VAHLverb

What yaval means

to lead, conduct, or carry someone or something to a destination, often in solemn or ceremonial procession

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

At its heart this verb pictures one act: conducting a person or a thing along to where it is meant to arrive. It works both ways, actively (someone leads or carries) and passively (someone or something is led or borne along), and the same core act covers a surprising range of scenes.

Three of those scenes recur:

  • a bride and her companions led to the king in festal procession
  • gifts and tribute carried and presented to God or a ruler
  • a victim led away to slaughter, and the dead borne to the grave

What ties them together is the note of ceremony. This is not the plain, everyday word for bringing something (בוא), nor the word for driving a flock from behind (נהג); it leans toward escorting, conducting, or bearing along with a sense of occasion. That is why it fits a wedding train, a tribute caravan, and a funeral alike.

The passive uses give the word its most famous line. The servant is "led" like a lamb to the slaughter (Isaiah 53:7), borne along without resisting, and the Greek translation that the New Testament quotes reaches for ἄγω to carry the same picture.

Nuances

1ato lead or escort a person to a place: to guide, conduct, or bring someone along, including in festive procession
Psa 45:14(15)Psa 45:15(16)Psa 60:9(11)Psa 108:10(11)Isa 23:7Isa 55:12Jer 31:9
1bto bring or carry a gift, tribute, or offering and present it to someone
Psa 68:29(30)Psa 76:11(12)Isa 18:7Hos 10:6Hos 12:1(2)Zep 3:10
1cto be led or borne away to death, the grave, or judgment
Job 10:19Job 21:30Job 21:32Isa 53:7Jer 11:19

What scholars say about yaval

BDB and HALOT define the hiphil as "lead, bring, carry," often with an implication of solemn or ceremonial conducting, and the hophal as the passive "be led, be borne along." The root belongs to a family associated with bearing or flowing along (compare the nouns for a watercourse and for produce). The verb ranges over leading persons in procession (Psalm 45:15; Isaiah 55:12), presenting gifts and tribute (Psalm 68:30; 76:12; Zephaniah 3:10; Isaiah 18:7), and being borne to slaughter or the grave (Isaiah 53:7; Jeremiah 11:19; Job 21:32). The Septuagint renders the slaughter image at Isaiah 53:7 with ago, the same verb used when Acts 8:32 quotes the passage.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. יבלlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. יבלlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. יבלlexicon

All attested forms of יָבַל

hophal imperfect 3ms

יוּבָל, יוּבַל

Job 21:32, Isa 53:7, Hos 10:6, Hos 12:1, Isa 18:7, Jer 11:19

hiphil imperfect 3mp

יוֹבִילוּ, יֹבִלוּ, יוֹבִלוּ

Psa 68:29, Psa 76:11, Isa 23:7, Zep 3:10

hiphil imperfect 3ms

יֹבִלֵ

Psa 60:9, Psa 108:10

hiphil imperfect 1cs

אוֹבִילֵ

Jer 31:9

hophal imperfect 1cs

אוּבָל

Job 10:19

hophal imperfect 2mp

תּוּבָלוּ

Isa 55:12

hophal imperfect 3fp

תּוּבַלְנָה

Psa 45:15

hophal imperfect 3fs

תּוּבַל

Psa 45:14

hophal imperfect 3mp

יוּבָלוּ

Job 21:30