tavaḥ

• Slaughtering an animal to butcher it for a meal, the killing and dressing of a beast for the table.Gen 43:161Sa 25:11Pro 9:2
• Figuratively, the wholesale slaughter of people in violence or judgment, like beasts led to the butcher.Jer 11:19Lam 2:21

• Both name the killing of animals for slaughter and can stand for people cut down like animals, the verbs of bringing a living thing to its death.Psa 37:14Num 11:22

• The technical word for ritually killing a sacrifice, the act at the heart of the offerings, draining the blood for the altar.Lev 1:5Exo 12:6
• The killing of a person as a deliberate, often cultic or executionary act, including the binding of a son for sacrifice.Gen 22:102Ki 25:7

• Its home setting is the kitchen rather than the altar: butchering an animal so that a meal can be put on the table, with no god and no shrine in view.Gen 43:161Sa 25:11Pro 9:2
• It is the word behind the image of the helpless victim led away to be killed, the trusting lamb or the flock whose day has come.Jer 11:19Jer 25:34Jer 51:40
• It can name a killing that wrongs somebody, where an animal is butchered by a thief or an enemy and its owner never gets to eat it.Exo 22:1Deu 28:31

• Both name the plain physical act of killing an animal so its meat can be cooked and eaten, and the law even allows the sacrifice word for that everyday killing away from any altar.Deu 12:151Ki 1:9Gen 43:16
• Both are turned on human beings, so that people being killed are described as if they were livestock under the knife.2Ki 23:20Psa 106:37Lam 2:21Psa 37:14

• Its home setting is worship: an animal killed and given to God at an altar, so the word on its own already means "offer a sacrifice" with nothing else added.Exo 20:241Ki 3:4Psa 116:17
• It is also the standard word for offering to gods other than the LORD, which makes it the vocabulary of false worship on hilltops and at foreign shrines.Deu 32:172Ki 17:35Hos 4:13
• Because it is an offering, the law regulates it: which animal may be used, where the killing may happen, and when.Deu 15:21Deu 16:5Mal 1:8
• It stretches into a picture with no animal at all, so that thanks and praise can be the thing offered.Psa 50:14Psa 107:22Jon 2:9

• Its home is the kitchen and the feast: killing and cutting up an animal so that a meal can be served.Gen 43:16Pro 9:21Sa 25:11
• It also covers an animal killed as somebody's loss: the stolen ox a thief cuts up, or the ox slaughtered in front of the man who raised it while he gets nothing.Exo 22:1Deu 28:31
• When the victims are people, the butchering image comes with the word: they are led out unsuspecting like a tame lamb, brought down like rams, or cut down by a blade honed for the job.Jer 11:19Jer 51:40Psa 37:14Ezk 21:10

• Both words describe human beings violently put to death, and Lamentations pairs them in a single line as two ways of naming the same day of killing.Lam 2:21
• Either one can put God himself in the place of the killer when a people comes under judgment.Exo 13:15Lam 2:21

• This is the ordinary word for one person taking another person's life: a grudge acted on, a blow struck in anger, a plain murder.Gen 4:8Gen 27:41Exo 2:14
• It scales up to armies and purges, whole towns and whole families put to the sword.Num 31:7Jos 8:24Jdg 9:5
• It is the word for a death penalty carried out on orders, where the killing is a sentence rather than an act of private violence. Even the animal put down after a crime is killed this way, not butchered.Deu 13:9Exo 32:27Lev 20:15

• It is the everyday word for butchering an animal for a meal, with no wrongdoing implied at all: a host kills a beast so guests can eat.Gen 43:161Sa 25:11Pro 9:2
• Because its home is the butcher's yard, it becomes the standard picture for people killed as helplessly as livestock, which is why prophets reach for it when a nation is cut down.Jer 11:19Jer 51:40Lam 2:21
• It names a physical act done to a victim, so an animal can be its object and the loss can be counted as property taken from its owner.Exo 22:1Deu 28:31

• Both name the violent killing of people, and both can be used to expose the strong destroying the defenseless.Psa 37:14Psa 94:6
• Both can describe a killing carried out deliberately, weapon in hand, with the death fully intended.Ezk 21:10Num 35:16

• This is the verb of the sixth commandment, the one word Israel used for the killing of a human being that the community will not tolerate.Exo 20:13Deu 5:17
• It is a legal term before it is an emotional one: the cities of refuge laws use it for the killer whose case must be judged, covering both the one who killed on purpose and the one who killed by accident.Num 35:11Num 35:16Deu 4:42Jos 20:3
• It appears in the prophets' lists of crimes that ruin a society, standing beside stealing, adultery and false swearing rather than beside images of the kitchen or the battlefield.Jer 7:9Hos 4:2Isa 1:21
• Its victim is always a person, never an animal, so it can be used absolutely of a killer at work without naming who was killed.Job 24:141Ki 21:19

• A verb for the physical act of slaughtering an animal, usually to make ready a meal, and by extension killing people in judgment.Gen 43:161Sa 25:11Pro 9:2

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• A title for a class of royal officials, the king's bodyguard and executioners, named again and again as the captain of the guard (Potiphar in Egypt, Nebuzaradan for Babylon).Gen 37:362Ki 25:8Jer 39:9