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shaḥat

שָׁחַט

HebrewH7819slay, kill, ...

Appears 81 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 22:10Gen 37:31Exo 12:6Exo 12:21Exo 29:11Exo 29:16Exo 29:20Exo 34:25Lev 1:5Lev 1:11Lev 3:2Lev 3:8Lev 3:13Lev 4:4Lev 4:15Lev 4:24 (2×)Lev 4:29Lev 4:33 (2×)Lev 6:25(18) (2×)Lev 7:2 (2×)Lev 8:15Lev 8:19Lev 8:23Lev 9:8Lev 9:12Lev 9:15Lev 9:18Lev 14:5Lev 14:6Lev 14:13 (2×)Lev 14:19Lev 14:25Lev 14:51Lev 17:3 (2×)Lev 22:28Num 11:22Num 14:16Jdg 12:61Sa 1:251Sa 14:321Sa 14:34 (2×)1Ki 18:402Ki 10:72Ki 10:142Ki 25:72Ch 29:22 (3×)2Ch 29:242Ch 30:152Ch 35:12Ch 35:6
Root family
Word studyshaw-KHATverb

What shaḥat means

to slaughter: to kill an animal or a person by cutting the throat and draining the blood

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

At its core this word names one physical act: killing by the knife, with the throat cut and the blood let out. That single picture stretches across very different settings, which is why one word can sit at the center of Israel's worship and also describe a massacre.

Its heartland is the altar. This is the standard word for putting a sacrificial animal to death so its blood can be applied and its life offered. In the priestly instructions it appears again and again at the same moment of the ritual: the animal is brought, then it is slaughtered, then the blood is handled. Because the blood is the point, the word carries the sense of a deliberate, controlled killing.

Away from the altar the same act feeds people, when an animal is killed to be cooked and eaten, and it bends toward the killing of people, where it pictures cold, throat-cutting execution rather than the heat of battle. The prophets press on this overlap. When idolaters slaughter their own children, or when a worshiper who slaughters an ox is called no better than one who kills a man, the verb that belongs at the altar is turned into an accusation.

Nuances

1ato slaughter an animal as a sacrifice, killing it at the altar so its blood can be offered
Lev 1:5Lev 1:11Lev 3:2Lev 3:8Lev 3:13Lev 4:4Lev 4:15Lev 4:24 (2×)Lev 4:29Lev 4:33 (2×)Lev 6:25(18) (2×)Lev 7:2 (2×)
1bto slaughter an animal for food, killing it to be cooked and eaten
Lev 17:3 (2×)Lev 22:28Num 11:221Sa 14:321Sa 14:34 (2×)Isa 22:13
1cto slaughter a person, killing by cutting the throat as an execution or a massacre
Gen 37:31Num 14:16Jdg 12:61Ki 18:402Ki 10:72Ki 10:142Ki 25:7Jer 9:8(7)Jer 39:6 (2×)Jer 41:7Jer 52:10 (2×)
1dto slaughter in idolatrous or hollow worship, including the killing of children offered to false gods
Isa 57:5Isa 66:3Ezk 16:21Ezk 23:39Hos 5:2

What scholars say about shaḥat

Standard lexica treat this as a single verb meaning to slaughter by cutting the throat, used most often of sacrificial victims but also of killing animals for food and of slaying people. HALOT and BDB note its concentration in the priestly cult and its extension to non-cultic and violent killing; theological dictionaries highlight the prophetic wordplay that exposes idolatrous and hollow sacrifice by turning the cultic verb against it.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. שׁחטlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. שׁחטlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. שׁחטlexicon
  • B. Lang, "שָׁחַט šāḥaṭ," TDOT 14:553-558theological-dictionary

All attested forms of שָׁחַט

qal consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְשָׁחַט, וּשְׁחָט

Lev 1:5, Lev 1:11, Lev 3:8, Lev 3:13, Lev 4:4, Lev 4:15, Lev 4:24, Lev 4:29

qal consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיִּשְׁחֲטוּ, וַיִּשְׁחָטוּ

Gen 37:31, 1Sa 1:25, 1Sa 14:32, 1Sa 14:34, 2Ki 10:7, 2Ch 29:22, 2Ch 29:22, 2Ch 29:22

qal consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיִּשְׁחַט, וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ, וַיִּשְׁחָט

Lev 9:8, Lev 9:12, Lev 9:18, Jer 39:6, Jer 52:10, Lev 9:15, Num 14:16, 1Ki 18:40

qal imperfect 3ms

יִשְׁחַט

Lev 4:24, Lev 4:33, Lev 14:13, Lev 14:19, Lev 17:3, Lev 17:3

qal imperfect 3mp

יִשְׁחֲטוּ, יִשְׁחָטוּ

Lev 7:2, Lev 7:2, Ezk 40:42, Ezk 44:11, Ezk 40:41

qal consecutive-perfect 2ms

וְשָׁחַטְתָּ

Exo 29:11, Exo 29:16, Exo 29:20

qal infinitive-construct construct

שְׁחוֹט, שְׁחֹט, שַׁחֲטָ

Ezk 40:39, Gen 22:10, Ezk 23:39

niphal imperfect 3fs

תִּשָּׁחֵט

Lev 6:25, Lev 6:25

qal imperative 2mp

שַׁחֲטוּ

Exo 12:21, 2Ch 35:6

qal passive-participle f s absolute

שְּׁחוּטָה, שְּׁחֻטָה

Lev 14:51, Lev 14:6

qal perfect 3ms

שָׁחַט

Jer 39:6, Jer 52:10

f s absolute

שַׁחֲטָה

Hos 5:2

niphal imperfect 3ms

יִשָּׁחֵט

Num 11:22

qal consecutive-imperfect 2fs

וַתִּשְׁחֲטִי

Ezk 16:21

qal consecutive-perfect 2mp

וּשְׁחַטְתֶּם

1Sa 14:34

qal consecutive-perfect 3cp

וְשָׁחֲטוּ

Exo 12:6

qal imperfect 2mp

תִשְׁחֲטוּ

Lev 22:28

qal imperfect 2ms

תִשְׁחַט

Exo 34:25

qal infinitive-absolute absolute

שָׁחֹט

Isa 22:13

qal participle m p construct

שֹׁחֲטֵי

Isa 57:5

qal participle m s absolute

שׁוֹחֵט

Isa 66:3

qal passive-participle m s absolute

שָׁחוּט

Jer 9:8

qal perfect 3cp

שָׁחֲטוּ

2Ki 25:7