StrongerBible

ḥalilah

חָלִילָה

HebrewH2486far be it from me, God forbid, ...

Appears 21 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 18:25 (2×)Gen 44:7Gen 44:17Jos 22:29Jos 24:161Sa 2:301Sa 12:231Sa 14:451Sa 20:21Sa 20:91Sa 22:151Sa 24:6(7)1Sa 26:11Job 34:10
Root family
Word studykhah-lee-LAHinterjection

What ḥalilah means

far be it!: a flat, horrified refusal that rules an act out as unthinkable

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

This is not a polite "no thank you." It is a cry that shoves a suggested act away as something that must never happen, and a speaker almost always says it before giving any reason. It lands at turning points: Joseph's brothers protesting their innocence, Samuel refusing to stop praying for a people who have just rejected him, Naboth refusing to hand over his family's land, David refusing to lift a hand against Saul.

The word is usually traced back to the verb for treating something holy as common (חָלַל), so the refusal carries a shudder in it. What is being proposed would not merely be unwise, it would be a desecration. That is why the word clusters around acts that would break faith with God, with a king, or with someone the speaker owes loyalty to.

Its force does not change from one use to the next; only the person being cleared does. Whether a speaker is clearing himself, clearing a friend, or clearing God, the word does the same work: it declares the act named to be out of the question. That is why it can stand entirely alone, with nothing attached to it, and still be understood (1 Samuel 14:45), and why Joab can simply say it twice in a row when he wants it to land harder (2 Samuel 20:20).

Nuances

1aruling an act out for oneself: I will not, and could not, do such a thing
Gen 44:7Gen 44:17Jos 22:29Jos 24:161Sa 2:301Sa 12:231Sa 22:152Sa 20:20Job 27:5
1bthe LORD forbid: a refusal that names the LORD as the one who makes the act unthinkable
1Sa 24:6(7)1Sa 26:112Sa 23:171Ki 21:31Ch 11:19
1cruling it out for someone else: that must never happen to him, and it will not
1Sa 14:451Sa 20:21Sa 20:9
1dsaid of God: it is unthinkable that God should act unjustly
Gen 18:25 (2×)Job 34:10

What scholars say about ḥalilah

The standard lexicons treat חָלִילָה as a noun form pressed into service as an interjection of strong deprecation, glossed "far be it (from)!" (BDB gives the Latin equivalent ad profanum), and derive it from the root חלל, "to profane, treat as common", with the directional ending. HALOT and DCH give the same core sense and catalogue the constructions: the cry standing alone; the cry with לְ of the person; and the cry followed by מִן of the act, or of the deity, in the phrase חָלִילָה לִּי מֵיהוָה (1 Samuel 24:6; 26:11; 1 Kings 21:3), where the מִן is generally explained either as "from the LORD's standpoint" or as a compressed appeal, "may the LORD keep me from". In 2 Samuel 23:17 the Masoretic Text reads חָלִילָה לִּי יְהוָה with no preposition, while the parallel in 1 Chronicles 11:19 has מֵאֱלֹהַי; commentators divide between taking the Samuel text as a direct address to God and emending it to מֵיהוָה with the Chronicles parallel. The oath character of the formula shows in the frequent following אִם clause (2 Samuel 20:20; Job 27:5), the ordinary Hebrew way of framing a negative oath. The Septuagint renders the word variously with μὴ γένοιτο (Genesis 44:7, 17), μηδαμῶς (1 Samuel 24:6; 26:11) and ἵλεώς μοι (2 Samuel 23:17; 1 Chronicles 11:19), and this last idiom stands behind Peter's protest ἵλεώς σοι, κύριε in Matthew 16:22.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. חָלִילָהlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. חָלִילָה (under חלל)lexicon
  • DCH, s.v. חָלִילָהlexicon
  • BDAG, s.v. ἵλεωςlexicon
  • TDOT, s.v. חלל (ḥālal)theological-dictionary
  • P. Kyle McCarter Jr., II Samuel, Anchor Bible 9, on 2 Samuel 23:17commentary
  • Gordon J. Wenham, Genesis 16-50, Word Biblical Commentary 2, on Genesis 18:25commentary

All attested forms of חָלִילָה

particle

חָלִילָה, חָלִלָה

Gen 44:7, Gen 44:17, Jos 22:29, Jos 24:16, 1Sa 2:30, 1Sa 12:23, 1Sa 14:45, 1Sa 20:2