StrongerBible

gazal

גָּזַל

HebrewH1497rob, take by force, ...

Appears 30 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 21:25Gen 31:31Lev 6:4(5:23)Lev 19:13Deu 28:29Deu 28:31Jdg 9:25Jdg 21:232Sa 23:211Ch 11:23Job 20:19Job 24:2Job 24:9Job 24:19Psa 35:10Psa 69:4(5)Pro 4:16Pro 22:22Pro 28:24Isa 10:2Jer 21:12Jer 22:3Ezk 18:7Ezk 18:12Ezk 18:16Ezk 18:18Ezk 22:29Mic 2:2Mic 3:2Mal 1:13
Root family
Word studygah-ZAHLverb

What gazal means

to take by open force: to rob, seize, or tear something away from the one who holds it

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word pictures taking by naked force, out in the open, not by stealth. Someone who does this grabs what belongs to another and carries it off in plain sight, daring anyone to stop them. Because the thing grabbed can be almost anything, English Bibles reach for a range of words to render it: rob, spoil, take by force, pluck, tear away.

Most often the object is property, and here the word names robbery as a moral and covenant crime. A house, a field, a flock, unpaid wages, the little that the poor and fatherless own: the prophets and the law codes return to it again and again, and they insist that the guilty give back exactly what they seized. At other times the picture is more physical and concrete: wresting a spear out of an enemy's hand, snatching a child, seizing a well, stripping the skin off a body.

What holds all of this together, and sets the word apart from ordinary stealing, is force used in the open. A thief works in secret and hopes not to be seen. This word is for the strong-arm who simply takes, in broad daylight, because no one can stop them.

Nuances

1ato rob: to take another person's property by open force, plundering what is rightfully theirs
Lev 6:4(5:23)Lev 19:13Deu 28:29Deu 28:31Jdg 9:25Job 20:19Job 24:2Psa 35:10Psa 69:4(5)Pro 22:22Pro 28:24Isa 10:2
1bto seize or wrest away: to grab a person, object, or thing out of another's hold by force, or to tear it off
Gen 21:25Gen 31:31Jdg 21:232Sa 23:211Ch 11:23Job 24:9Job 24:19Pro 4:16Mic 3:2

What scholars say about gazal

The standard lexica treat גזל as a single root meaning to seize or take away by open violence, with two related shades: the concrete act of tearing or wresting an object or person from another's grasp (2 Sam 23:21; Gen 31:31; Mic 3:2), and the legal-ethical sense of robbery, the forcible appropriation of another's property (Lev 5:23 [English 6:4]; Ezek 18; Mic 2:2). BDB glosses "tear away, seize, rob"; HALOT and DCH concur on one polysemous entry. The verb is distinguished from גָּנַב (theft by stealth) precisely by its openness and use of force, a contrast the legal material exploits (the robber, unlike the secret thief, is confronted directly and must make restitution). Prophetic and wisdom texts pair it frequently with עָשַׁק (oppression) in indictments of social violence against the poor, widow, and orphan.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. גָּזַלlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. גזלlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. גָּזַלlexicon
  • TWOT §337 (גָּזַל)theological-dictionary
  • TDOT, s.v. גָּזַלtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of גָּזַל

qal passive-participle m s absolute

גָּזוּל

Deu 28:29, Deu 28:31, Jer 21:12, Jer 22:3, Mal 1:13

qal perfect 3ms

גָּזָל, גָּזַל

Lev 6:4, Ezk 18:12, Ezk 18:16, Job 20:19, Ezk 18:18

qal perfect 3cp

גָּזְלוּ, גָּזָלוּ

Gen 21:25, Job 24:2, Jdg 21:23

qal consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיִּגְזֹל

2Sa 23:21, 1Ch 11:23

qal consecutive-perfect 3cp

וְגָזְלוּ, וְגָזָלוּ

Ezk 22:29, Mic 2:2

qal imperfect 2ms

תִּגְזֹל

Gen 31:31, Lev 19:13

qal imperfect 3mp

יִגְזְלוּ

Job 24:9, Job 24:19

niphal consecutive-perfect 3fs

וְנִגְזְלָה

Pro 4:16

qal consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיִּגְזְלוּ

Jdg 9:25

qal imperfect 3ms

יִגְזֹל

Ezk 18:7

qal infinitive-construct construct

גְזֹל

Isa 10:2

qal jussive 2ms

תִּגְזָל

Pro 22:22

qal participle m p construct

גֹּזְלֵי

Mic 3:2

qal participle m s absolute

גּוֹזֵל

Pro 28:24

qal participle m s construct

גֹּזְל

Psa 35:10

qal perfect 1cs

גָזַלְתִּי

Psa 69:4