StrongerBible

phronimos

φρόνιμος

GreekG5429wise, shrewd, ...

Appears 14 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 7:24Mat 10:16Mat 24:45Mat 25:2Mat 25:4Mat 25:8Mat 25:9Luk 12:42Luk 16:8Rom 11:25Rom 12:161Co 4:101Co 10:152Co 11:19
Word studyFRO-nee-mossadjective

What phronimos means

prudent: having the practical good sense to size up a situation and act wisely in it

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

The word φρόνιμος (phronimos) describes a person with sound practical sense: the one who reads a real situation and does the sensible thing in it. It points to down-to-earth prudence, the intelligence that shows in what a person decides and does, not the depth of what they know.

This sets it apart from the broader Greek word for wisdom, σοφός, which can reach into skill, learning, and moral or philosophical wisdom, and from συνετός, the person who grasps and connects ideas. This word is narrower and more active: foresight and good judgment worked out in actual decisions. The name for the quality itself is φρόνησις.

Because practical prudence can serve any goal, the word ranges from warm praise to sharp irony. Jesus commends the prudent bridesmaids who bring extra oil and the faithful, prudent servant who is ready for his master, and he even tells his followers to be as prudent as serpents. But the same shrewdness marks the dishonest manager whom the world would applaud for his cleverness, and Paul turns the word against readers who are prudent only in their own eyes.

Nuances

1aprudent, sensible: showing sound practical judgment (commendable)
Mat 7:24Mat 10:16Mat 24:45Mat 25:2Mat 25:4Mat 25:8Mat 25:9Luk 12:421Co 10:15
1bshrewd: practically clever in a worldly, self-interested way
Luk 16:8
1cprudent in one's own estimation: thinking oneself sensible or wise
Rom 11:25Rom 12:161Co 4:102Co 11:19

What scholars say about phronimos

φρόνιμος belongs to the φρήν / φρονέω word group that treats practical reason. The standard lexica (BDAG; LSJ) define it as sensible, thoughtful, prudent: the possession of practical intelligence (φρόνησις) as distinct from theoretical or comprehensive wisdom (σοφία). In the Synoptic parables it denotes eschatological foresight and readiness (the prudent bridesmaids of Matthew 25; the faithful and prudent servant of Matthew 24:45 / Luke 12:42; the shrewd manager of Luke 16:8). In Paul it repeatedly carries an ironic or pejorative edge, the phrase φρόνιμοι παρ' ἑαυτοῖς (Romans 11:25; 12:16) echoing the Septuagint's warning in Proverbs 3:7 against being wise in one's own eyes; the Corinthian occurrences (1 Corinthians 4:10; 2 Corinthians 11:19) are heavily ironic. Bertram's TDNT article surveys the term's Greek philosophical background and its transformation in a biblical frame.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. φρόνιμοςlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. φρόνιμοςlexicon
  • G. Bertram, 'φρήν, φρόνιμος, κτλ.', in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (TDNT), vol. 9theological-dictionary

All attested forms of φρόνιμος

nominative m p

φρόνιμοι, φρονιμώτεροι

Mat 10:16, Rom 11:25, Rom 12:16, 1Co 4:10, 2Co 11:19, Luk 16:8

nominative f p

φρόνιμοι

Mat 25:2, Mat 25:4, Mat 25:9

nominative m s

φρόνιμος

Mat 24:45, Luk 12:42

dative f p

φρονίμοις

Mat 25:8

dative m p

φρονίμοις

1Co 10:15

dative m s

φρονίμῳ

Mat 7:24