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talanton

τάλαντον

GreekG5007talent

Appears 15 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 18:24Mat 25:15Mat 25:16 (2×)Mat 25:20 (4×)Mat 25:22 (3×)Mat 25:24Mat 25:25Mat 25:28 (2×)
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studyTAL-an-tonnoun

What talanton means

a talent: the largest standard money unit of the ancient world, a weight of silver (or gold) worth thousands of days' wages

TranslatabilityUntranslatableCertaintySettled

A talent was not a coin but the top of the ancient scale of weight and money. Merchants weighed out precious metal, and one talent was a fixed, very heavy amount of it, roughly the value of many years of an ordinary worker's pay. Unless the text says otherwise the metal in view is silver.

In the New Testament the word appears only in Matthew, and always as a sum of money inside a parable. In the story of the servants each is handed a number of talents to invest, and elsewhere a servant owes his king "ten thousand talents," a total so enormous it could never be repaid. In both places the point of the word is its sheer size: a talent is the largest unit there was, so these are staggering amounts.

Its scale stands out against the smaller units the New Testament also names. A talent was worth sixty of the mid-sized unit, the μνᾶ, and thousands of a single day's wage, the δηνάριον, so naming talents signals wealth on a grand scale.

Mat 18:24Mat 25:15Mat 25:16 (2×)Mat 25:20 (4×)Mat 25:22 (3×)Mat 25:24Mat 25:25Mat 25:28 (2×)

What scholars say about talanton

Standard lexica (BDAG, LSJ) treat τάλαντον as originally a balance or weight and, by the classical and Hellenistic periods, the largest fixed unit of weight and of monetary value, a talent of silver unless another metal is specified. Its value in denarii varied by region and era but was uniformly enormous relative to ordinary wages, which is the rhetorical function of the word in both Matthean parables (Matthew 18:23-35; 25:14-30). Commentators (e.g. Davies and Allison, Matthew, ICC) note that the "ten thousand talents" of Matthew 18:24 is a hyperbolic, incalculable debt, and that the sums entrusted in Matthew 25 are large amounts of capital, not tokens; the later English sense "aptitude" is a semantic development from the reception of the parable, not a lexical meaning of the Greek.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. τάλαντονlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. τάλαντονlexicon
  • W. D. Davies and Dale C. Allison, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel according to Saint Matthew (ICC)commentary

All attested forms of τάλαντον

accusative n p

τάλαντα, τάλαντά

Mat 25:15, Mat 25:16, Mat 25:16, Mat 25:20, Mat 25:20, Mat 25:20, Mat 25:22, Mat 25:22

accusative n s

τάλαντον, τάλαντόν

Mat 25:24, Mat 25:28, Mat 25:25

genitive n p

ταλάντων

Mat 18:24