StrongerBible

ergazomai

ἐργάζομαι

GreekG2038work, do, ...

Appears 41 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 7:23Mat 21:28Mat 25:16Mat 26:10Mrk 14:6Luk 13:14Jhn 3:21Jhn 5:17 (2×)Jhn 6:27Jhn 6:28Jhn 6:30Jhn 9:4 (2×)Act 10:35Act 13:41Act 18:3Rom 2:10Rom 4:4Rom 4:5Rom 13:101Co 4:121Co 9:61Co 9:131Co 16:102Co 7:10Gal 6:10Eph 4:28Col 3:231Th 2:91Th 4:112Th 3:82Th 3:102Th 3:112Th 3:12Heb 11:33Jas 1:20Jas 2:92Jn 1:83Jn 1:5Rev 18:17
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studyer-GAD-zo-myverb

What ergazomai means

to work: to put out sustained effort that produces a result, whether earning a living, doing a deed, or carrying on a trade

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Greek verb for working, and like the English word "work" it stretches across a wide field while keeping one clear center: effort that brings something about. The plainest use is making a living, especially by hand, the daily labor Paul insists believers keep up so they are a burden to no one.

From that base it reaches naturally into doing in general. To work good, to work evil, to work righteousness, to work the works of God: the verb treats a deed as something a person produces, not merely something that happens. It can also narrow to commerce, working money or working the sea to turn a profit, and it rises to its highest use when the subject is God, who is always at work and never idle.

All of these are the same act of effortful production seen in different settings, which is why one English word usually carries them. The senses below sort the occurrences by what is being produced: a wage, a deed, a gain, or the unceasing activity of God.

Nuances

1ato labor for a living, do the day's work, especially with one's hands
Mat 21:28Luk 13:14Jhn 6:27Jhn 9:4 (2×)Act 18:3Rom 4:4Rom 4:51Co 4:121Co 9:61Co 9:131Th 2:91Th 4:11
1bto do or carry out a deed, good or evil, bringing it about by one's action
Mat 7:23Mat 26:10Mrk 14:6Jhn 3:21Jhn 6:28Jhn 6:30Act 10:35Act 13:41Rom 2:10Rom 13:102Co 7:10Gal 6:10
1cto do business, trade, or earn a profit
Mat 25:16Rev 18:17
1dto be at work, of God's continuous activity that never rests
Jhn 5:17 (2×)

What scholars say about ergazomai

BDAG groups the New Testament uses under a single verb meaning to be engaged in activity, with nuances: to work or be active (often manual labor for a living, e.g. 1 Thess 2:9; 2 Thess 3:8, 10), to do or accomplish a deed (frequently with an object such as good, evil, righteousness, or the works of God, e.g. Matt 26:10; John 6:28; Rom 13:10; Heb 11:33), to do business or earn (Matt 25:16, and Rev 18:17 of those who ply the sea), and to be at work as a description of God's continuous activity (John 5:17). LSJ and MM document the same range in classical and documentary Greek, including the commercial use. The verb is built on the noun ergon (work, deed), and TDNT (Bertram, s.v. ergon ktl.) treats the word group together, noting the Johannine emphasis on working the works of God and the Pauline ethic of self-supporting labor.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. ἐργάζομαιlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. ἐργάζομαιlexicon
  • Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. ἐργάζομαιlexicon
  • G. Bertram, ἔργον κτλ., TDNT 2:635-655dictionary

All attested forms of ἐργάζομαι

present middle-or-passive infinitive

ἐργάζεσθαι

Luk 13:14, Jhn 9:4, Jhn 9:4, 1Co 9:6, 1Th 4:11, 2Th 3:10

present middle-or-passive indicative 3s

ἐργάζεται

Jhn 5:17, Rom 13:10, 1Co 16:10, 2Co 7:10, Jas 1:20

present middle-or-passive participle nominative m p

ἐργαζόμενοι

1Co 4:12, 1Co 9:13, 1Th 2:9, 2Th 3:8, 2Th 3:12

aorist middle indicative 3s

ἠργάσατο

Mat 25:16, Mat 26:10, Mrk 14:6

present middle-or-passive participle dative m s

ἐργαζομένῳ

Rom 2:10, Rom 4:4, Rom 4:5

present middle-or-passive imperative 2p

ἐργάζεσθε

Jhn 6:27, Col 3:23

present middle-or-passive indicative 1s

ἐργάζομαι

Jhn 5:17, Act 13:41

present middle-or-passive participle nominative m s

ἐργαζόμενος

Act 10:35, Eph 4:28

present middle-or-passive subjunctive 1p

ἐργαζώμεθα

Jhn 6:28, Gal 6:10

aorist middle indicative 1p

εἰργασάμεθα

2Jn 1:8

aorist middle indicative 3p

εἰργάσαντο

Heb 11:33

aorist middle subjunctive 2s

ἐργάσῃ

3Jn 1:5

imperfect middle-or-passive indicative 3s

ἠργάζετο

Act 18:3

perfect passive participle nominative n p

εἰργασμένα

Jhn 3:21

present middle-or-passive imperative 2s

ἐργάζου

Mat 21:28

present middle-or-passive indicative 2p

ἐργάζεσθε

Jas 2:9

present middle-or-passive indicative 2s

ἐργάζῃ

Jhn 6:30

present middle-or-passive indicative 3p

ἐργάζονται

Rev 18:17

present middle-or-passive participle accusative m p

ἐργαζομένους

2Th 3:11

present middle-or-passive participle vocative m p

ἐργαζόμενοι

Mat 7:23