StrongerBible

apotassō

ἀποτάσσω

GreekG0657take leave of, say farewell to, ...

Appears 6 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mrk 6:46Luk 9:61Luk 14:33Act 18:18Act 18:212Co 2:13
Compound of
Word studyah-poh-TAHS-soh-maiverb

What apotassō means

to take leave of: to make a clean break, either by saying goodbye to people or by letting go of what you own

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

Five of the six times this word appears, somebody is leaving and stops to make the parting explicit. Jesus takes leave of the crowd before going up the mountain to pray (Mark 6:46). Paul says his goodbyes at Corinth before sailing for Syria (Acts 18:18), and again at Ephesus, with a promise to come back (Acts 18:21). Titus is not at Troas, so Paul takes his leave of the believers there and moves on to Macedonia (2 Corinthians 2:13). The word marks the moment of parting itself, not the travel that follows.

The sixth use turns the same verb on property. Anyone who will not part with everything he owns cannot be a disciple (Luke 14:33). This is not a second word doing unrelated work: it is the same clean break, aimed at possessions instead of people. English needs two expressions here, "take leave of" and "renounce", and the single Greek word is the point. Letting go of what you own is pictured as a leave-taking, something you do once and then walk away from.

The request in Luke 9:61 sits right on the seam between the two. A man wants to follow Jesus but asks to go home and say goodbye to his family first, which sounds like plain courtesy and echoes Elisha asking Elijah for the same permission (1 Kings 19:20). Jesus refuses. Read next to Luke 14:33, the refusal is not about manners: the man wants to keep hold of one tie that the call asks him to release.

Neighboring Greek words divide up the same ground differently:

  • ἀπολύω is what the person in charge does, releasing or sending others away, while this word belongs to the one who is departing.
  • ἀσπάζομαι is the warm greeting or embrace exchanged when people meet or part, the gesture rather than the break.
  • ἀφίημι is the broad verb for letting anything go, which is why Luke can also say the fishermen simply "left" everything and followed (Luke 5:11).

Nuances

1ato say goodbye to the people you are leaving
TranslatabilityDirect
Mrk 6:46Luk 9:61Act 18:18Act 18:212Co 2:13
1bto part with your possessions for good
TranslatabilityPartial
Luk 14:33

What scholars say about apotassō

BDAG splits the New Testament uses in two: "take leave of, say farewell to" with a person as object, and "renounce, give up" with a thing as object, placing Luke 14:33 alone under the second. LSJ records the active ἀποτάσσω in classical Greek meaning "set apart, assign," a sense the New Testament never uses; every New Testament occurrence is middle, with the departing person as subject. Moulton and Milligan cite papyrus letters in which the middle is the ordinary polite formula for taking one's leave, which fixes the everyday register of the Gospel and Acts occurrences and tells against reading a technical act of renunciation into Luke 14:33; Delling, treating the τάσσω group in TDNT, likewise takes the Lukan use as the same detachment redirected toward property. On Luke 9:61, Marshall (NIGTC) and Fitzmyer (Anchor Bible) both note the 1 Kings 19:20 background of Elisha's request to Elijah and discuss whether the man asks only for a farewell or for time to settle household affairs, with the farewell sense the standard reading and the sharpness of Jesus' reply the reason the question is raised at all.

Sources

  • Walter Bauer, Frederick W. Danker, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (BDAG), s.v. ἀποτάσσωlexicon
  • Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon (LSJ), s.v. ἀποτάσσωlexicon
  • James Hope Moulton and George Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament Illustrated from the Papyri and Other Non-Literary Sources, s.v. ἀποτάσσομαιlexicon
  • Gerhard Delling, "τάσσω κτλ.," in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Friedrich, vol. 8, s.v. ἀποτάσσομαιdictionary
  • Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament (EDNT), ed. Horst Balz and Gerhard Schneider, s.v. ἀποτάσσομαιdictionary
  • I. Howard Marshall, The Gospel of Luke, NIGTC (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978), on Luke 9:61commentary
  • Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Gospel According to Luke I-IX, Anchor Bible 28 (New York: Doubleday, 1981), on Luke 9:61commentary

All attested forms of ἀποτάσσω

aorist middle participle nominative m s

ἀποταξάμενος

Mrk 6:46, Act 18:18, Act 18:21, 2Co 2:13

aorist middle infinitive

ἀποτάξασθαι

Luk 9:61

present middle indicative 3s

ἀποτάσσεται

Luk 14:33