kataleipō

• covers the ordinary, often neutral act of leaving a place as someone travels on, with no note of desertionMat 4:13Act 21:3
• the marriage saying's word for a man leaving his father and mother to join his wife, a leaving that is expected and good, not a betrayalMat 19:5Eph 5:31
• used for leaving behind children or heirs when a person diesMrk 12:19Luk 20:31

• both can describe God leaving a surviving remnant rather than wiping out his people entirely, one word in Paul quoting Isaiah and the other two chapters later in the same letterRom 9:29Rom 11:4
• both warn against neglecting a shared duty to God, one urging believers not to give up meeting together and the other recording the apostles' refusal to give up preaching for other tasksHeb 10:25Act 6:2

• the stronger word for deserting a person at the exact moment they most need support, leaving them alone in a crisis rather than merely parting ways2Ti 4:162Ti 4:10
• names the feeling and the reality of being abandoned by God, the verb behind the cry from the cross and the promise that God will never do this to his peopleMat 27:46Heb 13:5
• used of not being abandoned even in death, the assurance that a soul was not left to the graveAct 2:31

• This word is an act someone carries out: a person leaves a place, walks away from other people, or gives something up on purpose. It names a departure or a deliberate choice, not a shortage.Mat 4:13Act 6:2
• It can also describe someone actively keeping a portion back or preserving a remnant, an intentional holding in reserve rather than a state of coming up short.Rom 11:4

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• This word names a condition of not having enough, of coming up short in something needed, rather than an action anyone performs. The subject is in a state of lack, not the one doing the leaving.Luk 18:22Jas 1:5
• It also covers practical matters still unfinished or supplies not yet met, work or resources still missing rather than anyone abandoning or reserving anything.Tit 1:5Jas 2:15

• Supplies the fixed marriage formula describing a man leaving his father and mother to be joined to his wife, quoted three separate times.Mat 19:5Mrk 10:7Eph 5:31
• Describes God preserving a remnant for himself, people left over after judgment.Rom 11:4
• Describes leaving a place, task, or companion behind in order to go do something else, such as leaving Egypt, leaving the preaching of the word to wait tables, or being left to work alone.Heb 11:27Act 6:2Luk 10:40

• Both appear side by side in the very same sentence for what a dying man leaves behind: one for the wife he leaves and the other for the child he does not leave.Mrk 12:19

• Covers forgiving sins and cancelling debts, a whole area of meaning the other word never carries in the New Testament.Mat 6:12Mat 9:2
• Also means to permit or allow something, as when Jesus tells someone to let a thing be or to let the children come to him.Mat 3:15Mat 19:14
• Used in the set expression for a dying person's last breath, releasing the spirit.Mat 27:50

• The standard word for a departure that reorders a whole life and is meant to be permanent: a man leaves his father and mother for his wife, Levi leaves everything to follow Jesus, Moses walks away from Egypt.Mat 19:5Eph 5:31Luk 5:28Heb 11:27
• It covers what a man leaves behind when he dies, which is why it carries the family law about a brother who dies and leaves a widow but no children.Mrk 12:19Mrk 12:21Luk 20:31
• It describes a person left on their own and short of help: Martha protests that her sister has left her to serve alone, the accusers drift off until Jesus is left by himself, and Paul agrees to be left behind in Athens.Luk 10:40Jhn 8:91Th 3:1
• It can mean holding a group back on purpose, keeping them for oneself: God tells Elijah he has kept seven thousand men who never bowed to Baal.Rom 11:4

• Both can say that something still stands open and unclaimed. In one argument Hebrews says the promise of entering God's rest is still standing and that a sabbath rest is still left for God's people, using one word for each.Heb 4:9Heb 4:1
• Both can name a guilty walking away from the place or path a person was supposed to keep: angels who abandoned their own home, and people who quit the straight road for the way of Balaam.Jud 1:62Pe 2:15
• Both serve as plain travel notes for a companion who stays put while the traveler moves on. Paul left Trophimus sick at Miletus and left Titus in Crete with a job to finish, and he left Priscilla and Aquila at Ephesus.2Ti 4:20Tit 1:5Act 18:19

• The word for something set down at a place and fully expected to be recovered later: Paul asks Timothy to bring the coat and the books he left with Carpus at Troas, so leaving them there was never giving them up.2Ti 4:13
• It can report that a supply has simply run out. For the person who keeps sinning on purpose after knowing the truth, there is no sacrifice for sins left over at all.Heb 10:26
• It works as a bare statement of fact with no one doing the leaving: the writer of Hebrews simply says that entry into God's rest is still on offer, without naming who left it open.Heb 4:6Heb 4:9

• This is the word for what a person walks off from and leaves standing where it was: a hometown swapped for another town, a country escaped, a linen cloth dropped in the hands of the men grabbing at it.Mat 4:13Heb 11:27Mrk 14:52
• It regularly describes people stuck in a situation somebody else's exit created: a sister left to do all the serving alone, a woman left standing there with only Jesus once her accusers slip away, Paul left sitting in his chains by an outgoing governor, and helpers willing to be left behind on their own in Athens.Luk 10:40Jhn 8:9Act 24:271Th 3:1
• In the sentence about marriage that the New Testament quotes three times, a man leaves his father and mother behind in order to be joined to his wife. The parents are not said goodbye to; they simply stay where they are while he moves into a new household.Mat 19:5Mrk 10:7Eph 5:31
• It is the standard word in the question about the widow for what a dead man does or does not leave behind him, since a corpse says no farewells: a wife, a child, offspring.Mrk 12:19Mrk 12:21Luk 20:31
• It can shift attention off the person leaving entirely and onto what is still there afterward: the seven thousand God kept back for himself, and a promise of rest that is still standing open.Rom 11:4Heb 4:1
• It also carries the weight of abandoning something you should have held onto: false teachers who walked off the straight road, and the apostles who refuse to drop the preaching of God's word in order to wait on tables.2Pe 2:15Act 6:2

• Two neighboring verses in one journey show how closely they sit and how differently they work. Paul makes his farewells to the believers and sails, then at Ephesus he leaves Priscilla and Aquila there. English Bibles can put "left" on both, which hides the difference: the first tells how he parted, the second tells who stayed behind.Act 18:18Act 18:19
• Both are used for the clean break a follower of Jesus makes with everything he owns. One states the demand as giving up all claim on your possessions, the other shows the tax collector getting up and leaving the whole lot where it sat.Luk 14:33Luk 5:28

• This word is about the goodbye itself, the words said face to face to the people you are about to leave. Jesus dismisses the crowd before going up the mountain to pray, and Paul says his farewells to the believers before sailing and before crossing into Macedonia. In each case we are told how the parting was handled, not what condition anyone was left in.Mrk 6:46Act 18:182Co 2:13
• Because the parting is a spoken exchange, it can carry things a mere departure cannot: Paul's goodbye at Ephesus comes with a promise to come back if God wills, and one would-be follower asks permission to go home and make his farewells first, treating them as a courtesy still owed to his household.Act 18:21Luk 9:61

• Someone deliberately leaves a person or thing behind. There is an actor who does the leaving, whether walking away from a place, forsaking a duty, or parting from people.Mat 4:13Mat 19:5Act 6:2
• It can carry the weight of abandoning or forsaking, leaving behind what one ought to hold onto, or being left utterly alone.2Pe 2:15Heb 11:271Th 3:1
• It also covers leaving something over so that a remainder is kept in reserve, the part that survives a loss.Rom 11:4

• Both words touch the idea of remaining when others have departed or fallen away, one person or group left while the rest are gone.1Th 3:11Th 4:17

• It describes only the people who are left over, the survivors, never an actor doing the leaving. The word looks at those who are still here after others are gone.1Th 4:151Th 4:17
• In the New Testament it is narrowed to one situation: the believers still alive when the Lord returns, those who remain until that day rather than having died first.1Th 4:15