leipō

• It can name work or arrangements that are still unfinished, not only people who are missing something. Paul leaves Titus on Crete to put in order "the things that are lacking", meaning the tasks nobody has completed yet (Titus 1:5), and asks that two travellers be sent off so that nothing they need for the trip is missing (Titus 3:13). The other word is never used of a job left half done.Tit 1:5Tit 3:13
• The shortfall it names carries no blame. When someone "lacks wisdom" the answer is simply to ask God, who gives generously and, as the same verse says, without finding fault (James 1:5). The gap is a hole to be filled, not a failure to be answered for.Jas 1:5

• Both say that a person is short of the one thing that would make them complete, and the Gospels tell the very same story with each word: Luke has Jesus tell the rich ruler "one thing you still lack" (Luke 18:22), while Matthew and Mark report the same exchange with the other verb (Matthew 19:20, Mark 10:21).Luk 18:22Mrk 10:21Mat 19:20
• Both are used with "nothing" to claim that God has fully provided: believers are to be mature and whole, "lacking nothing" (James 1:4), the disciples sent out with no purse lacked nothing (Luke 22:35), and the Corinthians are not lacking any gift (1 Corinthians 1:7).Jas 1:4Luk 22:351Co 1:7
• Both describe going without the basics of daily life. A brother or sister may be short of the day's food (James 2:15); Paul was in need while staying with the Corinthians (2 Corinthians 11:9) and had learned how to live with plenty and with nothing (Philippians 4:12).Jas 2:152Co 11:9Php 4:12

• It measures a person against a standard and reports that they came up short, which makes it the language of falling short before God: everyone "falls short" of God's glory (Romans 3:23), the warning is that someone might be found to have come short of the promised rest (Hebrews 4:1), and the church is told to watch that no one falls short of God's grace (Hebrews 12:15).Rom 3:23Heb 4:1Heb 12:15
• It also compares people with each other and ranks one behind the other. Paul insists he is in no way "inferior" to the most eminent apostles (2 Corinthians 11:5, 2 Corinthians 12:11), says that skipping a meal leaves believers no worse off than anyone else (1 Corinthians 8:8), and speaks of the body part that came off worse in honor (1 Corinthians 12:24).2Co 11:52Co 12:111Co 8:81Co 12:24
• It can describe a supply giving out, the moment when what was there runs dry. The wine gave out at the wedding (John 2:3), and the younger son "began to be in need" only after the famine had eaten through his money (Luke 15:14). The other word states a gap that simply is, never a running out.Jhn 2:3Luk 15:14

• Names what is missing from someone otherwise whole, so it measures a person against being complete. The rich ruler has kept everything and still one thing is missing; steady endurance is meant to leave a believer mature with nothing missing.Luk 18:22Jas 1:4
• The gap can be inward, a quality the person is short of rather than an object they do not own. Someone who is short on wisdom is told to ask God for it.Jas 1:5
• It also covers unfinished business, not only unmet wants: the work left undone in Crete that Titus is to finish setting in order.Tit 1:5
• The sentence can be built around the missing item itself rather than around the person who wants it, reporting a gap instead of a craving: "one thing is still missing for you", "let nothing be missing for them".Luk 18:22Tit 3:13

• Both describe going without plain daily necessities such as food and clothing.Jas 2:15Mat 6:32
• Both are commonly turned to the negative to claim that nothing further is required: send them off so that nothing is missing, and we are not the sort who need letters of introduction.Tit 3:132Co 3:1

• There is always a person doing the needing, and the need reaches outward to someone who can meet it: a fellow believer whose help is required, a Father who supplies.Rom 16:2Mat 6:32
• It sets the measure of what is required, so a request can be sized to it: the neighbor gets up at midnight and hands over as much as his friend needs.Luk 11:8
• What is needed is something outside the person: bread at midnight, help with an errand, written credentials for a role. It never names a quality someone is short of on the inside.Luk 11:8Rom 16:22Co 3:1

• The gap is felt from the side of the one who needs something. Nobody has left anything behind; a person is simply short of what they should have, whether that is one last thing in a rich man's life or wisdom in a believer's.Luk 18:22Jas 1:5
• It covers plain physical need: a brother or sister with no clothes and nothing to eat that day, or travelers who must not be sent off short of supplies.Jas 2:15Tit 3:13
• It measures wholeness by what is missing, so "lacking in nothing" becomes the picture of a finished, complete person.Jas 1:4

• Both grow from the same everyday picture of something being left, and one sentence uses them side by side: Paul left Titus on Crete precisely so that Titus could put right the things left undone there.Tit 1:5
• They can describe the same unfinished situation from opposite sides: what one word treats as still outstanding, the other treats as still missing, and in Crete the same half-done work is both.Tit 1:5

• Someone is doing the leaving. The picture is a person who puts a thing or another person down somewhere and moves on: Paul left his coat behind at Troas, and left a sick companion behind in Miletus.2Ti 4:132Ti 4:20
• It can carry the weight of desertion, walking out on a place or a position that was yours to keep. That is how it describes the angels who abandoned the home assigned to them.Jud 1:6
• It reaches into marriage, describing the wife who has been sent away by her husband in the sayings about divorce.Mat 5:32Luk 16:18
• It can turn the other way round, so that what is left over becomes the subject: a promised rest that still stands open for God's people, or, once the offer is refused, no sacrifice left at all.Heb 4:6Heb 4:9Heb 10:26

• This word names a condition of not having enough, of coming up short in something needed, rather than an action anyone performs. The subject is in a state of lack, not the one doing the leaving.Luk 18:22Jas 1:5
• It also covers practical matters still unfinished or supplies not yet met, work or resources still missing rather than anyone abandoning or reserving anything.Tit 1:5Jas 2:15

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• This word is an act someone carries out: a person leaves a place, walks away from other people, or gives something up on purpose. It names a departure or a deliberate choice, not a shortage.Mat 4:13Act 6:2
• It can also describe someone actively keeping a portion back or preserving a remnant, an intentional holding in reserve rather than a state of coming up short.Rom 11:4