antapodidōmi

A double compound of ἀντί and ἀποδίδωμι, itself ἀπό plus δίδωμι. LSJ documents it in classical prose for giving back in return, including the rhetorical sense of one clause answering another, so the reciprocal force of ἀντί is native to the word rather than a Koine development; whether the doubled prefix retains intensive force in Hellenistic Greek is doubted on the usual grounds that Koine multiplies prepositional prefixes without proportionate semantic gain. In the Septuagint the verb is the standard equivalent of שׁלם in the piel and a frequent equivalent of גמל, and it carries the noun pair ἀνταπόδομα and ἀνταπόδοσις with it. BDAG divides the New Testament material into a favorable group (Lk 14:14 twice, Ro 11:35, 1 Th 3:9) and a retributive group (Ro 12:19, Heb 10:30, 2 Th 1:6), a division of context rather than of lexical sense; EDNT treats all seven instances under a single entry for requital. Ro 11:35 stands in a catena whose closest scriptural anchor is Job 41:3 (Eng. 41:11), where the Greek Old Testament and the Masoretic Text diverge sharply, and Paul's ἀνταποδοθήσεται matches neither witness exactly. The most-discussed textual point is the shared quotation of Dt 32:35 in Ro 12:19 and Heb 10:30: both read ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις, ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω, a form standing closer to the Masoretic לִי נָקָם וְשִׁלֵּם than to the main Septuagint reading ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐκδικήσεως ἀνταποδώσω, and also attested in Targum Onqelos; Koch and Stanley treat it as evidence of a revised Greek text or of a shared testimonium rather than independent retranslation by each author. In 2 Th 1:6 the infinitive governs θλῖψιν in a deliberate correspondence of penalty to offense, which the commentaries read against the retributive formulae of the Hebrew prophets.