StrongerBible

tahpukhah

תַּהְפֻּכָה

HebrewH8419perverse, perversity, ...

Appears 10 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Deu 32:20Pro 2:12Pro 2:14Pro 6:14Pro 8:13Pro 10:31Pro 10:32Pro 16:28Pro 16:30Pro 23:33
Root family
Word studytah-poo-KHAHnoun

What tahpukhah means

twistedness: words, plans, or people turned back to front, so that what ought to run straight comes out inverted

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

The picture behind this word is something turned over. It belongs to a family of Hebrew words about overturning, the kind of turning that flips a city onto its ruins, and it names what results when that same reversal happens to speech, to scheming, or to a person's whole outlook. It is not simply a bend in an otherwise straight line. It is straightness put the wrong way round.

Nine of its ten appearances are in Proverbs, and there it keeps close company with the mouth. Five times it is what a tongue produces, what a mouth is full of, or what a man is heard saying. Three times it moves inward, to the heart that turns crooked things over and the schemer who takes pleasure in them. Twice it stops describing an act at all and simply names what someone is: a man of it, a whole generation of it. The senses hold together because the inward twist and the twisted talk are one thing at two stages, the crooked heart and the crooked mouth it feeds.

Proverbs has several words for talk that has gone wrong, and they turn up in the same lists. Crookedness (עִקְּשׁוּת) pictures a line bent out of true, and deceit (מִרְמָה) names talk aimed at fooling a particular person. This word is more drastic than either. It is not a bend or a trick but a reversal: evil recommended as good, and the straight road pointed backwards.

That is what gives its one appearance outside Proverbs such weight. In the song at the end of Deuteronomy, God looks at Israel and calls them a generation of exactly this, children with no faithfulness left in them. Centuries later the New Testament brings the same charge with its own verb for twisting something out of shape (διαστρέφω), describing a crooked and twisted generation in the language of that song.

Nuances

1atwisted talk: speech that turns the truth around
Pro 2:12Pro 8:13Pro 10:31Pro 10:32Pro 23:33
1bcrooked scheming: the twist a person turns over inside and then sets loose
Pro 2:14Pro 6:14Pro 16:30
1cthe twistedness that sums up what a person or a whole people is
Deu 32:20Pro 16:28

What scholars say about tahpukhah

A feminine noun formed with a prefixed tav from the root הפך ("to turn, overturn"), attested only in the plural תַּהְפֻּכוֹת, which BDB, HALOT and DCH all treat as an abstract or intensive plural rather than a count plural. The distribution is striking: nine of the ten occurrences are in Proverbs, spread across chapters 2 to 23, with Deuteronomy 32:20 the sole occurrence outside the wisdom corpus. Within Proverbs the term belongs to the vocabulary of distorted speech, standing alongside עִקְּשׁוּת פֶּה (Prov 4:24; 6:12) and לְזוּת שְׂפָתַיִם (Prov 4:24), and it is governed repeatedly by organs of speech (פֶּה, לָשׁוֹן) or by verbs of speaking (Prov 2:12; 23:33). Commentators on Proverbs, including Fox, Waltke and Clifford, locate the semantic core in inversion rather than mere crookedness, consistent with the root's use for the overthrow of Sodom (Gen 19:25) and for the reversal of fortunes elsewhere. The Septuagint supplies no single equivalent, varying by context. The New Testament description of a γενεὰ σκολιὰ καὶ διεστραμμένη (Phil 2:15), drawn from Deut 32:5, stands in the same tradition as the דּוֹר תַּהְפֻּכֹת of Deut 32:20.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. תַּהְפֻּכוֹתlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. תַּהְפֻּכוֹתlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. תַּהְפֻּכָהlexicon
  • Michael V. Fox, Proverbs 1-9, Anchor Yale Bible 18A (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000)commentary
  • Bruce K. Waltke, The Book of Proverbs: Chapters 1-15, NICOT (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004)commentary
  • Richard J. Clifford, Proverbs: A Commentary, Old Testament Library (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1999)commentary
  • TDOT, s.v. הָפַךְtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of תַּהְפֻּכָה

f p absolute

תַּהְפֻּכוֹת, תַּהְפֻּכֹת

Pro 2:12, Pro 6:14, Pro 8:13, Pro 10:31, Pro 10:32, Pro 16:28, Pro 16:30, Pro 23:33

f p construct

תַהְפֻּכוֹת

Pro 2:14