StrongerBible

shakhaḥ

שָׁכַח

HebrewH7911forget

Appears 102 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 27:45Gen 40:23Gen 41:30Deu 4:9Deu 4:23Deu 4:31Deu 6:12Deu 8:11Deu 8:14Deu 8:19 (2×)Deu 9:7Deu 24:19Deu 25:19Deu 26:13Deu 31:21Deu 32:18Jdg 3:71Sa 1:111Sa 12:92Ki 17:38Job 8:13Job 9:27Job 11:16Job 19:14Job 24:20Job 28:4Job 39:15Psa 9:12(13)Psa 9:18(19)Psa 10:11Psa 10:12Psa 13:1(2)Psa 31:12(13)Psa 42:9(10)Psa 44:17(18)Psa 44:20(21)Psa 44:24(25)Psa 45:10(11)Psa 50:22Psa 59:11(12)Psa 74:19Psa 74:23Psa 77:9(10)Psa 78:7Psa 78:11Psa 102:4(5)Psa 103:2Psa 106:13Psa 106:21Psa 119:16
Root family
Word studysha-KHAKHverb

What shakhaḥ means

to forget: to lose hold of something, whether from memory or from active care

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

At its core this word is about losing hold of something that was once kept. In ordinary use that loss is simply mental: a name slips away, a kindness goes unremembered, a fact drops out of mind.

But the Bible's most weighty use of the word is not mental at all. To forget the LORD, his covenant, or his commands is not to have a memory lapse; it is to stop paying attention and to walk away from him. Forgetting and abandoning are the same act here, which is why the prophets treat forgetting God as a betrayal rather than an accident. The opposite is not merely recalling a fact but keeping faith and staying loyal.

The word also runs the other direction. When God is said to forget his people, or when a sufferer pleads that God has forgotten him, the issue is not divine memory but divine care: to be forgotten by God is to be left without help. Isaiah answers that fear directly, insisting that a nursing mother might sooner forget her child than God forget his people.

In its passive form the word means to be forgotten, to drop out of human memory entirely, the fate the wise and the fool finally share.

Nuances

1ato lose something from memory; to fail to remember
Gen 27:45Gen 40:23Job 9:27Job 11:16Job 19:14Job 39:15Psa 102:4(5)Pro 31:5Pro 31:7Isa 23:15Jer 30:14Jer 50:6
1bto stop heeding and to abandon: to turn away from God, his covenant, or his commands
Deu 4:9Deu 4:23Deu 6:12Deu 8:11Deu 8:14Deu 8:19 (2×)Deu 9:7Deu 26:13Deu 32:18Jdg 3:71Sa 12:92Ki 17:38
1cof God: to leave someone without help or care; or the plea that God not do so
Psa 9:12(13)Psa 9:18(19)Psa 10:11Psa 10:12Psa 13:1(2)Psa 42:9(10)Psa 44:24(25)Psa 74:19Psa 74:23Psa 77:9(10)Isa 49:14Lam 5:20
1dto be forgotten: to drop out of human memory entirely
Gen 41:30Deu 31:21Job 28:4Psa 31:12(13)Ecc 2:16Ecc 8:10Ecc 9:5Isa 23:16Isa 65:16Jer 20:11Jer 23:40Jer 50:5
1eused causatively, of God: to bring about that something is no longer kept or observed, that is, to abolish it or put an end to it
Lam 2:6

What scholars say about shakhaḥ

The standard lexica treat this as a single root spanning two poles: the literal loss of a thing from memory, and the relational sense of ceasing to heed or care for someone. The lexica and theological dictionaries stress that in covenant contexts the word is the practical equivalent of abandoning or forsaking, and that the divine subject (God forgetting) denotes withdrawal of attention and help, regularly answered in the Psalms and Isaiah by the assurance that God does not finally forget his own.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. שׁכחlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. שׁכחlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. שׁכחlexicon
  • Eising, "שׁכח šākaḥ," TDOT 14:671-678theological-dictionary
  • TWOT, s.v. שׁכח (no. 2387)theological-dictionary

All attested forms of שָׁכַח

qal perfect 3cp

שָׁכְחוּ, שְׁכֵחוּ, שְׁכֵחֻ

Psa 106:13, Psa 106:21, Psa 119:139, Jer 3:21, Jer 23:27, Jer 50:6, Job 19:14, Jer 2:32

qal imperfect 2ms

תִּשְׁכַּח, תִּשְׁכָּח, תִּשְׁכָּחֵ

Deu 4:9, Deu 6:12, Deu 8:11, Deu 8:19, 1Sa 1:11, Psa 44:24, Deu 25:19, Job 11:16

qal perfect 1cs

שָׁכָחְתִּי, שָׁכַחְתִּי

Deu 26:13, Psa 119:61, Psa 119:83, Psa 119:109, Psa 119:141, Psa 119:153, Psa 119:176, Psa 102:4

qal imperfect 1cs

אֶשְׁכַּח, אֶשְׁכָּחֵ

Psa 119:16, Psa 119:93, Hos 4:6, Amo 8:7, Psa 137:5, Isa 49:15

qal jussive 2ms

תִּשְׁכַּח, תִּשְׁכָּח

Deu 9:7, Psa 10:12, Psa 74:19, Psa 74:23, Pro 4:5, Pro 3:1

niphal imperfect 3fs

תִשָּׁכֵחַ, תִשָּׁכַח

Jer 20:11, Jer 23:40, Jer 50:5, Deu 31:21

qal perfect 2fs

שָׁכַחַתְּ

Isa 17:10, Jer 13:25, Ezk 22:12, Ezk 23:35

qal perfect 3ms

שָׁכַח, שְׁכֵחָ

Psa 9:12, Psa 10:11, Psa 77:9, Isa 49:14

qal consecutive-imperfect 2ms

וַתִּשְׁכַּח

Deu 32:18, Isa 51:13, Hos 4:6

qal consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיִּשְׁכְּחוּ

Jdg 3:7, 1Sa 12:9, Psa 78:11

qal imperfect 3fs

תִּשְׁכַּח

Psa 137:5, Isa 49:15, Jer 2:32

niphal perfect 3ms

נִשְׁכַּח, נִשְׁכָּח

Ecc 9:5, Ecc 2:16

qal conjunctive-imperfect 3ms

וְיִשְׁכַּח

Pro 31:5, Pro 31:7

qal consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיִּשְׁכַּח, וַיִּשְׁכָּחֵ

Hos 8:14, Gen 40:23

qal consecutive-perfect 2ms

וְשָׁכַחְתָּ

Deu 8:14, Deu 24:19

qal imperfect 2mp

תִשְׁכָּחוּ, תִּשְׁכְּחוּ

2Ki 17:38, Deu 4:23

qal imperfect 3mp

יִשְׁכְּחוּ

Psa 59:11, Psa 78:7

qal imperfect 3ms

יִשְׁכַּח, יִשְׁכָּחֵ

Deu 4:31, Job 24:20

qal participle m p construct

שֹׁכְחֵי

Job 8:13, Psa 50:22

qal perfect 1cp

שְׁכַחֲנוּ, שָׁכַחְנוּ

Psa 44:17, Psa 44:20

qal perfect 3fs

שָׁכְחָה, שָׁכֵחָה

Hos 2:13, Pro 2:17

hiphil infinitive-construct construct

הַשְׁכִּיחַ

Jer 23:27

hithpael conjunctive-imperfect 3mp

וְיִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ

Ecc 8:10

niphal consecutive-perfect 3fs

וְנִשְׁכַּחַת

Isa 23:15

niphal consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְנִשְׁכַּח

Gen 41:30

niphal imperfect 3ms

יִשָּׁכַח

Psa 9:18

niphal participle f s absolute

נִשְׁכָּחָה

Isa 23:16

niphal participle m p absolute

נִּשְׁכָּחִים

Job 28:4

niphal perfect 1cs

נִשְׁכַּחְתִּי

Psa 31:12

niphal perfect 3cp

נִשְׁכְּחוּ

Isa 65:16

piel perfect 3ms

שִׁכַּח

Lam 2:6

qal cohortative 1cs

אֶשְׁכְּחָה

Job 9:27

qal consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתִּשְׁכַּח

Job 39:15

qal consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְשָׁכַח

Gen 27:45

qal imperative 2fs

שִׁכְחִי

Psa 45:10

qal imperfect 2fs

תִּשְׁכָּחִי

Isa 54:4

qal imperfect 3fp

תִשְׁכַּחְנָה

Isa 49:15

qal infinitive-absolute absolute

שָׁכֹחַ

Deu 8:19

qal jussive 2fs

תִּשְׁכְּחִי

Psa 103:2

qal perfect 2mp

שְׁכַחְתֶּם

Jer 44:9

1 further parsings are listed under Syntax.