StrongerBible

epilanthanō

ἐπιλανθάνω

GreekG1950forget, neglect, ...

Appears 8 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 16:5Mrk 8:14Luk 12:6Php 3:13Heb 6:10Heb 13:2Heb 13:16Jas 1:24
Compound of
Root family
Word studyResearch-gradeeh-pee-lan-THAH-no-myverb

What epilanthanō means

to forget: to let someone or something drop out of mind and care, ranging from a simple lapse of memory to deliberate disregard

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

English readers almost always meet this verb as "forget," but in the New Testament it covers far more than a slip of memory. At one end it is exactly that: the disciples "forgot" to bring bread. At the other end it means turning away on purpose. When Paul says he is "forgetting what lies behind," he is not suffering amnesia; he is refusing to let his past hold him back.

The heavier sense comes from the Old Testament. In the Hebrew Scriptures, to forget God (שׁכח) is not to misplace a memory but to abandon him, the opposite of staying faithful. The Greek Old Testament used this one verb to carry that whole weight, and the New Testament writers inherited it. So "do not forget to show hospitality" does not warn against absent-mindedness; it means "do not let the practice lapse," which is close to the plain word for neglect (ἀμελέω).

Because of that background, the same verb can be gentle or grave depending on the setting. In a story it is an ordinary detail; in a command or a warning it names a failure of loyalty or duty. And when God is the one who does not forget, the point is not merely that he keeps people in mind but that he never drops them from his active care.

Nuances

1ato fail to remember; to lose track of something through an ordinary lapse of memory
TranslatabilityDirect
Mat 16:5Mrk 8:14
1bto neglect or disregard; to stop giving someone or something the attention and care it is owed
Php 3:13Heb 6:10Heb 13:2Heb 13:16Jas 1:24
1cto be forgotten; when God is in view, to be dropped from his mind and care (something Scripture denies of him)
TranslatabilityApproximate
Luk 12:6

What scholars say about epilanthanō

The standard lexica treat the verb as a single word with a two-pole range rather than as homonyms. BDAG partitions it into (1) "fail to remember, forget" (Matt 16:5; Mark 8:14; Jas 1:24) and (2) "neglect, care nothing about, overlook, disregard, be unmindful of" (Phil 3:13; Heb 6:10; 13:2; 13:16), with the perfect passive in Luke 12:6 taken as a genuine passive ("be forgotten"). Louw-Nida formalizes the split across two semantic domains (memory and recall; and neglect/care). Seesemann (TDNT IV) and Balz (EDNT) argue that the Pauline and Hebrews usage carries the full covenantal freight of Hebrew shakach, whose LXX equivalent is almost always this verb (roughly 170 times per Hatch-Redpath; see Muraoka's LXX lexicon, which lists "fail to recall," "fail to attend to, neglect," and passive "be beyond the concern of"). A recurring lexicographical observation, from Thayer through BDAG and the Hebrews commentators, is that with the genitive object (all three Hebrews occurrences) the volitional sense predominates; the accusative and complementary-infinitive constructions tend toward ordinary forgetting, with Phil 3:13 a noted exception. Commentators (Lane, Attridge, Ellingworth on Hebrews; Moo, Johnson on James; Fee, O'Brien, Silva on Philippians) are near-unanimous that the volitional pole is in view outside the Synoptic bread scenes.

In-depth research

This is a research paper, so it may be hard to read without scholarly background. It is useful if you want to dig even deeper into this word.

Sources

  • BDAG (Danker, ed.), 3rd ed., 374, s.v. ἐπιλανθάνομαιlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. ἐπιλήθωlexicon
  • Louw-Nida, Greek-English Lexicon Based on Semantic Domains, §29.15; Domain 35lexicon
  • H. Seesemann, "λανθάνω, ἐπιλανθάνομαι," TDNT IV (Eerdmans, 1967), 169-71theological-dictionary
  • H. Balz, "ἐπιλανθάνομαι," EDNT 2 (Eerdmans, 1990-93), 30theological-dictionary
  • T. Muraoka, A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint (Peeters, 2009), s.v. ἐπιλανθάνομαιlexicon
  • W. L. Lane, Hebrews 9-13 (WBC 47B; Word, 1991), on 6:10; 13:2, 16commentary
  • D. J. Moo, The Letter of James (PNTC; Eerdmans, 2000), on 1:22-25commentary
  • G. D. Fee, Paul's Letter to the Philippians (NICNT; Eerdmans, 1995), 346-48commentary

All attested forms of ἐπιλανθάνω

present middle-or-passive imperative 2p

ἐπιλανθάνεσθε

Heb 13:2, Heb 13:16

second-aorist middle indicative 3p

ἐπελάθοντο

Mat 16:5, Mrk 8:14

perfect passive participle nominative n s

ἐπιλελησμένον

Luk 12:6

present middle-or-passive participle nominative m s

ἐπιλανθανόμενος

Php 3:13

second-aorist middle indicative 3s

ἐπελάθετο

Jas 1:24

second-aorist middle infinitive

ἐπιλαθέσθαι

Heb 6:10