raqaḥ

• Names the work itself, the measured blending of aromatic ingredients, so it can describe an action with no tradesman in view: Ezekiel is told to spice a boiling pot well, and Exodus forbids anyone to compound a copy of the sanctuary oil.Ezk 24:10Exo 30:33
• Does double duty, since the same word that names the blending can also name the blender: the tabernacle instructions call the holy oil and the incense "the work of a perfumer" using this word rather than the trade noun.Exo 30:25Exo 30:35Exo 37:29
• Belongs mostly to sacred and royal settings: the anointing oil and incense made for the tabernacle, the temple staff put in charge of the spice blending, and the spiced oils packed around King Asa at his burial.Exo 37:291Ch 9:302Ch 16:14
• Reaches beyond the workshop into a proverb about reputation, where the scented oil this craft produces is ruined by a single dead fly.Ecc 10:1

• Both belong to the same craft, the blending of fragrant oils, ointments, and spices, and both assume trained hands rather than casual household mixing.Exo 30:25Neh 3:8
• Both show that perfumery was a recognized occupation in Israel, whether the perfumers are the priests appointed over the temple spices or the craftsmen listed among the wall builders.1Ch 9:30Neh 3:8

• Is a settled job title rather than a description of an activity, used the way a town roster would say goldsmith or baker: Hananiah is introduced simply as one of the perfumers.Neh 3:8
• Sits in ordinary civic life rather than in sanctuary work: its one appearance is in the list of Jerusalem tradesmen who rebuilt a stretch of the city wall, with no holy oil or incense anywhere in the scene.Neh 3:8

• It can name the craftsman himself, so a finished item is simply called the work of a perfumer with no separate job title added.Exo 30:35Exo 37:29Ecc 10:1
• It names the act of blending, which is why it can be forbidden: anyone who compounds a copy of the sanctuary oil is cut off from his people.Exo 30:33
• In one place it leaves the perfumer's bench entirely and describes working spice into a pot of boiling meat, a use the ointment word never has.Ezk 24:10

• Both stand at the center of Israel's worship rather than in everyday scent, and the recipe for the holy anointing oil uses them together in one breath.Exo 30:25
• Both also cover the spices packed around a dead king and the perfume work assigned to named temple priests, so neither belongs to a single setting.2Ch 16:141Ch 9:30

—

• This word belongs to a trained trade. It names what a perfumer does, and the people who do it are identified by that skill.Exo 30:251Ch 9:302Ch 16:14
• What it produces is scent. The whole point of the blend is aroma, which is also why a little rot in it is so obvious.Exo 30:35Ecc 10:1
• Because the blend follows a fixed recipe, it can be copied illegitimately, and reproducing the holy formula for common use is forbidden.Exo 30:33
• Its ingredients are aromatic spices, so it reaches into places nothing floury goes: spices heaped for a royal burial, and spices worked into a boiling pot.2Ch 16:14Ezk 24:10

• Both describe combining separate materials into one finished preparation, something deliberately made rather than a chance mingling.Lev 2:5Exo 30:35
• Both are used for preparing what the sanctuary requires, oil worked into the flour of the offerings and oil worked together with spices for the holy anointing oil.Exo 29:2Exo 37:29
• In both, oil is the liquid that carries the mixture and holds the other ingredients together.Num 28:5Exo 30:25

• This is the ordinary verb for folding oil into flour, the routine step in preparing a grain offering, and it turns up again and again in the offering instructions.Lev 2:4Num 7:13Num 28:12
• It can mean mixing that ruins understanding rather than mixing that makes something useful: at Babel human speech is jumbled so that no one can follow his neighbor.Gen 11:7Gen 11:9
• It describes a people losing their distinctness by blending into others, the charge that Ephraim mingles himself among the nations.Hos 7:8
• It covers plain everyday mixing with no craft or recipe behind it, such as throwing feed together for the donkeys of a guest.Jdg 19:21
• It can be said of a person soaked in oil rather than of ingredients worked together, the psalmist claiming he is drenched with fresh oil.Psa 92:10

• What gets blended is fragrant spice, and the product is something scented: the holy anointing oil and the incense for the sanctuary.Exo 30:25Exo 30:35Exo 37:29
• It names a recognized trade with its own practitioners, often rendered "perfumer" or "apothecary": priests kept the spice blending in house, and a king's body was laid out on spices prepared by that craft.1Ch 9:302Ch 16:14
• The blend is judged by smell and taste, so it can be spoiled or driven hard: dead flies turn the perfumer's ointment rancid, and the pot under judgment is told to be spiced well.Ecc 10:1Ezk 24:10
• The recipe is guarded. Copying the sanctuary blend for ordinary use is forbidden, so the mixing carries a rule about who may do it.Exo 30:33

• Both are usually rendered "mix", and both mean a deliberate blend by someone who knows the recipe: ingredients combined on purpose into a finished preparation, never an accidental mixture.Pro 9:2Exo 30:25

• What gets blended is a drink. Wisdom mixes her wine and sets the table, then calls guests to come and drink what she has mixed.Pro 9:2Pro 9:5
• Because the product is a drink, the skill can be turned into an accusation: Isaiah mocks the men who are heroes at blending strong drink.Isa 5:22
• The picture stretches past the cup. Grief can be stirred into what a person drinks, and God can stir a bewildering spirit into a whole nation as though pouring one thing into another.Psa 102:9Isa 19:14