StrongerBible

peger

פֶּגֶר

HebrewH6297corpse, carcass, ...

Appears 22 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 15:11Lev 26:30 (2×)Num 14:29Num 14:32Num 14:331Sa 17:462Ki 19:352Ch 20:242Ch 20:25Isa 14:19Isa 34:3Isa 37:36Isa 66:24Jer 31:40Jer 33:5Jer 41:9Ezk 6:5Ezk 43:7Ezk 43:9Amo 8:3Nam 3:3
Root family
Word studyPEH-ghernoun

What peger means

a corpse: a dead body left lying, whether of a person, an animal, or a lifeless idol

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This word names a dead body, and almost always one that has been left where it fell rather than buried with honor. Most of its appearances are grim scenes of the slain: an army wiped out overnight, bodies heaped in a valley, corpses trodden underfoot or exposed to the birds. The word carries the smell of death and disgrace, not the quiet of a tomb.

The same word stretches across three kinds of dead thing. Most often it is a human corpse, especially the war dead and those struck down in judgment. Once it is the carcass of an animal, the divided beasts Abram guards from the vultures. And in one biting turn it is aimed at idols themselves: their images are called "corpses," as dead and powerless as the worshipers thrown down beside them.

Because it reaches from human to animal to idol, no single English word covers it neatly. English keeps נְבֵלָה territory ("carcass," for a dead animal) apart from "corpse" (for a dead person), while this word uses one term for both, and turns it into an insult against dead gods.

Nuances

1athe dead body of a person, especially the slain of war and judgment
TranslatabilityDirect
Num 14:29Num 14:32Num 14:331Sa 17:462Ki 19:352Ch 20:242Ch 20:25Isa 14:19Isa 34:3Isa 37:36Isa 66:24Jer 31:40
1bthe carcass of an animal
TranslatabilityDirect
Gen 15:11
1ca lifeless idol, called a "corpse" in contempt
Lev 26:30 (2×)

What scholars say about peger

The lexica agree that פֶּגֶר denotes a corpse or carcass, a dead body characteristically left exposed rather than buried (BDB; HALOT; DCH). BDB subdivides the usage by referent: dead human bodies, chiefly the slain of battle and judgment; the carcass of a sacrificial or divided animal (Gen 15:11); and, contemptuously, idols (Lev 26:30). The dominant nuance is dishonor and defilement, the dead left unburied as an object of horror (Isa 66:24; Nah 3:3). The disputed cases are Ezek 43:7, 9, where פִּגְרֵי מַלְכֵיהֶם has been read either as the dead bodies or tombs of Judah's kings defiling the sanctuary (Zimmerli) or, following D. Neiman (JBL 67, 1948), as funerary monuments cognate with Ugaritic pgr; the corpse interpretation remains standard.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. פֶּגֶרlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. פֶּגֶרlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. פֶּגֶרlexicon
  • Zimmerli, Ezekiel (Hermeneia)commentary
  • D. Neiman, "PGR: A Canaanite Cult Object in the Old Testament," JBL 67 (1948)article

All attested forms of פֶּגֶר

m p construct

פִּגְרֵי

Lev 26:30, Isa 66:24, Jer 33:5, Jer 41:9, Ezk 6:5, Ezk 43:7, Ezk 43:9

m p absolute

פְּגָרִים

Gen 15:11, 2Ki 19:35, 2Ch 20:24, 2Ch 20:25, Isa 37:36, Jer 31:40

m p construct

פִּגְרֵיכֶם

Lev 26:30, Num 14:29, Num 14:32, Num 14:33

m s absolute

פֶּגֶר, פָּגֶר

Isa 14:19, Amo 8:3, Nam 3:3

m p construct

פִגְרֵיהֶם

Isa 34:3

m s construct

פֶּגֶר

1Sa 17:46