StrongerBible

geviyyah

גְּוִיָּה

HebrewH1472body, corpse, ...

Appears 13 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 47:18Jdg 14:8Jdg 14:91Sa 31:101Sa 31:12 (2×)Neh 9:37Psa 110:6Ezk 1:11Ezk 1:23Dan 10:6Nam 3:3 (2×)
Root family
Word studyguh-vee-YAHnoun

What geviyyah means

a body: the physical frame of a person or creature, whether still living or lying dead

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

Hebrew uses this one word for a body seen as a whole physical thing, and it does not care whether that body is alive. The same noun names the bodies starving Egyptians offer to Pharaoh when they have nothing else left, the bodies of the winged creatures in Ezekiel's vision, and the body of Saul fastened to a city wall. English has to keep swapping words to follow it ("body", "corpse", "carcass"), which makes the Hebrew look far more varied than it is.

What holds the uses together is that the word points at the frame itself: the thing you could see, carry, or nail to a wall. It is not naming the life inside the body, and it is not naming the material the body is made of, which is the job of "flesh" (בָּשָׂר). Nor is it one of the words that can only ever mean something dead (פֶּגֶר, נְבֵלָה). Because it points at the frame, it can also narrow to the trunk alone: in the visions of Ezekiel and Daniel it stands in a list beside faces, wings, eyes, arms, and feet, so it means the main body those parts belong to.

That plainness gives the word its most human use. When everything else has been sold or seized, a person's body is what is left, and Hebrew says so without softening it: the Egyptians offer Pharaoh their bodies and their land, and the returned exiles complain that foreign kings rule over their bodies. And when a body is all that is left in the other sense, the word does not flinch either. It names the lion's remains under the honeycomb and the heaps of the dead after a battle in exactly the same breath it used for the living.

Nuances

1aa living person's body, and so the person himself: all that is left of someone when everything else has been taken or sold
Gen 47:18Neh 9:37
1bthe body as the trunk: the main frame that a face, wings, or limbs belong to
Ezk 1:11Ezk 1:23Dan 10:6
1ca dead body: a corpse or carcass lying where it fell, whether a person's or an animal's
TranslatabilityDirect
Jdg 14:8Jdg 14:91Sa 31:101Sa 31:12 (2×)Psa 110:6Nam 3:3 (2×)

What scholars say about geviyyah

The lexica treat גְּוִיָּה as a single feminine noun, "body, corpse," formed from גֵּו "back," and divide its thirteen occurrences into two groups: the body of a living being (Genesis 47:18; Nehemiah 9:37; Ezekiel 1:11, 23; Daniel 10:6) and a corpse (Judges 14:8, 9; 1 Samuel 31:10, 12; Nahum 3:3; Psalm 110:6). BDB, HALOT and DCH agree both on that division and on the sense itself, and no live disagreement attaches to what the noun denotes. In Ezekiel 1:11 and 1:23 it is one item in an inventory of the creatures' parts alongside faces and wings, and in Daniel 10:6 it opens a description that proceeds to face, eyes, arms and feet, so commentators take it in these places for the trunk rather than the whole figure. Genesis 47:18 and Nehemiah 9:37 are the two places where the noun designates the person as an object of another's claim or rule, the Egyptians surrendering themselves to Pharaoh and the postexilic community lamenting foreign kings. Nahum 3:3 uses it twice, first as a singular for the mass of the dead and then with a plural suffix, in a verse that also carries פֶּגֶר and חָלָל, which shows the three terms working side by side rather than as strict equivalents. Psalm 110:6 is elliptical: מָלֵא גְוִיּוֹת supplies no object for the filling, and translations infer one from the context, but the noun's own sense is not in doubt. 1 Chronicles 10:12, retelling the recovery of Saul's body, substitutes גּוּפָה, a late synonym, which is a useful control on the semantics.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. גְּוִיָּהlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. גְּוִיָּהlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. גְּוִיָּהlexicon
  • P. Kyle McCarter, I Samuel (Anchor Bible), on 1 Samuel 31:10-13commentary
  • Walther Zimmerli, Ezekiel 1 (Hermeneia), on Ezekiel 1:4-28commentary
  • John E. Goldingay, Daniel (Word Biblical Commentary), on Daniel 10:5-6commentary

All attested forms of גְּוִיָּה

f s construct

גְּוִיַּת

Jdg 14:8, Jdg 14:9, 1Sa 31:12

f s construct

גְּוִיָּתוֹ

1Sa 31:10, Dan 10:6

f p absolute

גְוִיּוֹת

Psa 110:6

f p construct

גְּוִיֹּת

1Sa 31:12

f p construct

גְּוִיֹּתֵינוּ

Neh 9:37

f p construct

גְּוִיֹתֵיהֶנָה

Ezk 1:11

f p construct

גְּוִיֹּתֵיהֶם

Ezk 1:23

f s absolute

גְּוִיָּה

Nam 3:3

f s construct

גְּוִיָּתֵנוּ

Gen 47:18

f s construct

גְוִיָּתָם

Nam 3:3