StrongerBible

arits

עָרִיץ

HebrewH6184ruthless, terrible, ...

Appears 20 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Job 6:23Job 15:20Job 27:13Psa 37:35Psa 54:3(5)Psa 86:14Pro 11:16Isa 13:11Isa 25:3Isa 25:4Isa 25:5Isa 29:5Isa 29:20Isa 49:25Jer 15:21Jer 20:11Ezk 28:7Ezk 30:11Ezk 31:12Ezk 32:12
Root family
Word studyaw-REETSadjective

What arits means

ruthless: fiercely violent and terror-inspiring, overpowering others by sheer force

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

This word paints a person or power that overwhelms others by brute force and leaves them trembling. It is used almost entirely from the victim's side, naming the violent oppressor who preys on the weak: the tyrant, the hostile army, the bully who takes what he wants because no one can stop him. In the prophets it scales up to whole empires, the fearsome nations whose armies terrorize their neighbors.

It grows out of a verb meaning "to dread" or "to strike with terror" (עָרַץ), and that terror is the heart of it. The person is not merely strong; the person is frightening. This is why it so often stands beside words for violence and evil yet is not the same as them: in Psalm 37:35 the writer sees "a wicked, ruthless man," where "wicked" (רָשָׁע) names the moral guilt and this word names the terrifying force behind it.

Because the word describes dread-inspiring might rather than evil in itself, it can even be turned to good. In Jeremiah 20:11 the prophet says the LORD stands with him "like a dread warrior," taking the very quality that makes oppressors so feared and placing it on the side of the one they persecute.

Nuances

1aa ruthless oppressor: a violent tyrant or hostile nation that terrorizes the weak
Job 6:23Job 15:20Job 27:13Psa 37:35Psa 54:3(5)Psa 86:14Pro 11:16Isa 13:11Isa 25:3Isa 25:4Isa 25:5Isa 29:5
1ban awe-inspiring, dread champion: the same overwhelming, terror-striking might, here on the sufferer's side rather than against him
Jer 20:11

What scholars say about arits

The standard lexica agree on the core sense. BDB glosses עָרִיץ as "awe-inspiring, terror-striking, ruthless," noting its use of hostile nations and especially of the wicked; HALOT gives "violent, tyrannical" and, as a substantive, "tyrant, violent person"; DCH lists "ruthless, violent." The word is an adjective from the root עָרַץ "to cause terror, to dread," and it functions overwhelmingly as a substantive for the violent oppressor. Its occurrences cluster in the prophets (especially Isaiah and Ezekiel), the Psalms, and Job, where it names the enemy of the righteous and, at the national level, the imperial aggressor: Ezekiel's fourfold "the ruthless of the nations" describes the armies brought against Tyre, Egypt, and their kings. Jeremiah 20:11 is the single case in which the term's terror-inspiring force is predicated positively, of the LORD as the prophet's warrior, which shows that the word denotes overwhelming, fear-producing power rather than moral evil as such.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. עָרִיץlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. עָרִיץlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. עָרִיץlexicon
  • TWOT, §1702 עָרַץ (ʿārats)theological-dictionary

All attested forms of עָרִיץ

m p absolute

עָרִיצִים, עָרִצִים

Job 6:23, Job 27:13, Psa 54:3, Psa 86:14, Pro 11:16, Isa 13:11, Isa 25:3, Isa 25:4

m s absolute

עָרִיץ

Job 15:20, Psa 37:35, Isa 29:20, Isa 49:25, Jer 20:11

m p construct

עָרִיצֵי

Ezk 28:7, Ezk 30:11, Ezk 31:12, Ezk 32:12