StrongerBible

aphaph

עַפְעַף

HebrewH6079eyelids, eyes, ...

Appears 10 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Job 3:9Job 16:16Job 41:18(10)Psa 11:4Psa 132:4Pro 4:25Pro 6:4Pro 6:25Pro 30:13Jer 9:18(17)
Root family
Word studyaf-AFnoun

What aphaph means

the eyelids: the pair of lids that open, close, and frame a person's eyes, and by extension the eyes themselves and the look they give

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This is the Hebrew word for eyelids, and it always comes as a pair belonging to someone: my eyelids, your eyelids, hers. Hebrew poetry likes to set it beside the ordinary word for the eye (עַיִן), one line naming the eyes and the next the lids that frame them, so the two work as a matched pair rather than as alternatives.

Because the lids are the part that actually moves, the word often carries the look itself rather than the organ behind it:

  • lids that lift describe a proud, scornful stare
  • lids held steady describe a fixed and undistracted gaze
  • a woman's lids can capture the man who watches them
  • God's lids testing people picture eyes narrowing to look hard

Two uses stay firmly physical. Sleep is refused by giving the eyes no sleep and the eyelids no slumber, since the lids are what fall shut. Grief runs down them too: tears gush from the eyelids, and in one line of Job a deep darkness settles on them.

The most memorable use is a set poetic phrase, "the eyelids of the dawn". Daybreak is pictured as an eye slowly opening, so the phrase names the first flicker of light at the horizon. Job reaches for it twice, once wishing that the day of his birth had never seen dawn break, and once describing the fiery eyes of the sea monster Leviathan.

Nuances

1athe eyelids as a physical part of the face, where tears gather and darkness settles
TranslatabilityDirect
Job 16:16Jer 9:18(17)
1bthe eyelids as what falls shut in sleep, in the set phrase about giving the eyes no sleep and the eyelids no slumber
TranslatabilityDirect
Psa 132:4Pro 6:4
1cthe eyes and the look they give: a stare, a glance, or a searching gaze
Psa 11:4Pro 4:25Pro 6:25Pro 30:13
1dthe eyelids of the dawn: the first light of daybreak, pictured as an eye opening
TranslatabilityPartial
Job 3:9Job 41:18(10)

What scholars say about aphaph

The standard lexicons treat this as a plural noun for the eyelids, commonly derived from the root meaning to fly or flutter, so that the lids are named from their movement (BDB; HALOT; DCH). The reference works divide over how far the word extends: some read the poetic lines in Psalm 11:4, Proverbs 4:25, and Proverbs 30:13 as metonymy, the lids standing for the eyes and their look, while others recognize a developed sense "eyes" alongside the primary one. Stendebach's survey of the eye vocabulary in TDOT treats the pairing of this noun with the common word for eye as a standard feature of parallel poetic lines rather than as free variation. Commentators on Job read the phrase in Job 3:9 and 41:18 as an image for the first rays of daybreak, the dawn pictured as an eye opening (Clines). On Proverbs 6:25 the discussion is whether the woman captures with adorned lashes or with the glance itself (Fox; Waltke); the two readings converge on the same picture of an inviting look.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. עַפְעַפַּיִםlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. עַפְעַףlexicon
  • DCH, vol. 6, s.v. עַפְעַפִּיםlexicon
  • F. J. Stendebach, "עַיִן ʿayin," in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. 11theological-dictionary
  • David J. A. Clines, Job 1-20, Word Biblical Commentary 17commentary
  • David J. A. Clines, Job 38-42, Word Biblical Commentary 18Bcommentary
  • Michael V. Fox, Proverbs 1-9, Anchor Yale Bible 18Acommentary
  • Bruce K. Waltke, The Book of Proverbs: Chapters 1-15, New International Commentary on the Old Testamentcommentary

All attested forms of עַפְעַף

m p construct

עַפְעַפֵּי

Job 3:9, Job 41:18

m p construct

עַפְעַפַּי

Job 16:16, Psa 132:4

m p construct

עַפְעַפֶּיךָ

Pro 4:25, Pro 6:4

m p construct

עַפְעַפָּיו

Psa 11:4, Pro 30:13

m p construct

עַפְעַפֵּינוּ

Jer 9:18

m p construct

עַפְעַפֶּיהָ

Pro 6:25