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anah

עֲנָה

AramaicH6032answer, reply, ...

Appears 30 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Dan 2:5Dan 2:7Dan 2:8Dan 2:10Dan 2:15Dan 2:20Dan 2:26Dan 2:27Dan 2:47Dan 3:9Dan 3:14Dan 3:16Dan 3:19Dan 3:24 (2×)Dan 3:25Dan 3:26Dan 5:10Dan 6:13(14)
Word studyah-NAHverb

What anah means

to answer or speak up: to respond to what has been said, or simply to begin speaking

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the everyday Aramaic verb for opening one's mouth in a conversation. At its core it means to answer, to give a reply to a question, a demand, or a charge. In the stories of Daniel it is the word that carries almost every exchange between kings, officials, and the exiles who serve them.

But the word stretches further than a strict reply. Aramaic narrative loves the pair "answered and said," and it uses that pair even when no one has asked anything. A king declares a decree, a man cries out in fury, Daniel blesses God, a queen sweeps into the banquet hall: each begins with this verb. Here it has drifted from "reply" toward "spoke up" or "declared," marking the moment a speaker takes the floor rather than the content of any answer.

Both uses are the same word doing the same basic work: signaling that someone now responds, whether to a person's words or simply to the moment. The two senses below sort out when a real answer is in view and when the phrase is just a storyteller's way of launching a speech.

Nuances

1ato answer, to reply to a question, demand, or charge that someone else has made
Dan 2:5Dan 2:7Dan 2:8Dan 2:10Dan 2:15Dan 2:26Dan 2:27Dan 2:47Dan 3:16Dan 3:24 (2×)Dan 3:25Dan 5:17
1bto speak up, to declare: the set phrase that opens a speech even when no question was asked
Dan 2:20Dan 3:9Dan 3:14Dan 3:19Dan 3:26Dan 3:28Dan 4:19Dan 4:30Dan 5:7Dan 5:10Dan 5:13Dan 6:16

What scholars say about anah

The standard lexica of Biblical Aramaic (HALOT; BDB, Aramaic section) give a single verb ענה "to answer, respond," with no competing sense. All 30 occurrences are in Daniel, in the peal, overwhelmingly the participle in the narrative formula ענה ואמר ("answered and said"). Grammars and commentators (Rosenthal, Grammar of Biblical Aramaic; Collins, Daniel [Hermeneia]) note that this formula is a stereotyped device for introducing direct speech and does not require an antecedent question, so the verb ranges from a strict reply to a bleached "spoke up." The same idiom is shared with Hebrew (H6030) and is calqued into New Testament Greek with ἀποκρίνομαι.

Sources

  • Koehler, Baumgartner, and Stamm, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (HALOT), s.v. ענה (Aramaic)lexicon
  • Brown, Driver, and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (BDB), Aramaic section, s.v. ענהlexicon
  • Franz Rosenthal, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaicgrammar
  • John J. Collins, Daniel (Hermeneia)commentary

All attested forms of עֲנָה

peal participle m s absolute

עָנֵה

Dan 2:5, Dan 2:8, Dan 2:15, Dan 2:20, Dan 2:26, Dan 2:27, Dan 2:47, Dan 3:14

peal perfect 3mp

עֲנוֹ

Dan 2:7, Dan 2:10, Dan 3:9, Dan 3:16, Dan 6:13

peal participle m p absolute

עָנַיִן

Dan 3:24

peal perfect 3fs

עֲנָת

Dan 5:10