StrongerBible

amar

אֲמַר

AramaicH0560say, command

Appears 71 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Ezr 5:3Ezr 5:4Ezr 5:9Ezr 5:11Ezr 5:15Jer 10:11Dan 2:4Dan 2:5Dan 2:7 (2×)Dan 2:8Dan 2:9 (2×)Dan 2:10Dan 2:12Dan 2:15Dan 2:20Dan 2:24Dan 2:25Dan 2:26Dan 2:27Dan 2:36Dan 2:46Dan 2:47Dan 3:4Dan 3:9Dan 3:13Dan 3:14Dan 3:16Dan 3:19Dan 3:20Dan 3:24 (2×)Dan 3:25Dan 3:26Dan 3:29Dan 4:8(5)Dan 4:9(6)Dan 4:18(15)Dan 4:26(23)Dan 4:31(28)Dan 4:35(32)Dan 5:2Dan 5:10Dan 5:29Dan 6:5(6)Dan 6:6(7)Dan 6:12(13)Dan 6:13(14)Dan 6:16(17)Dan 6:23(24)Dan 6:24(25)
Root family
Word studyuh-MARverb

What amar means

to say, speak, or tell; the ordinary Aramaic verb for putting something into words.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the everyday verb for speaking in the Aramaic parts of the Bible, the parts written in the language of the Babylonian and Persian empires (most of Daniel, several chapters of Ezra, and one verse in Jeremiah). It is the exact partner of the common Hebrew word for "to say," and it does the same plain work: it introduces what a person says. Most of the time it is simply "he said," "they said," "tell me," the words that carry a conversation along.

Because Daniel and Ezra are full of kings, officials, and royal courts, the same verb often slides from plain speaking into giving an order. When the one speaking has the power to make it happen, "he said" becomes "he gave the command," and the next thing in the story is that the command is carried out. The two shades are not separate words. A command is still something said; the difference is who is speaking and whether the words are meant to be obeyed.

So the senses below are really one act of speech seen in two settings: ordinary telling, and authoritative ordering. Where the line falls is a matter of context, and a few verses could be read either way.

Nuances

1ato say, speak, tell; to answer or address someone in ordinary conversation.
Dan 2:4Dan 2:5Dan 2:7 (2×)Dan 2:8Dan 2:9 (2×)Dan 2:10Dan 2:15Dan 2:20Dan 2:24Dan 2:25Dan 2:26Dan 2:27
1bto give a command, to order; said of a king or official whose word is meant to be carried out.
Dan 2:12Dan 2:46Dan 3:4Dan 3:13Dan 3:19Dan 3:20Dan 5:2Dan 5:29Dan 6:16(17)Dan 6:23(24)Dan 6:24(25)

What scholars say about amar

The standard lexica of Biblical Aramaic (HALOT's Aramaic volume, BDB's Aramaic section, Vogt) give this verb as "to say, speak, tell," the Aramaic counterpart of Hebrew אמר (H0559), with a well-attested extended use "to command, give orders" when the subject is a person in authority. The form is built on the peal stem throughout; the participle אמר functions as the regular narrative "says/saying." Commentators on Daniel (Collins, Goldingay, Montgomery) note that in the court tales the verb repeatedly carries directive force, the king "says" and the deed follows, so translators alternate between "said" and "commanded" by context rather than by any change in the word. There is no scholarly dispute over the basic sense; the only judgment call is the boundary between plain saying and authoritative ordering, which is contextual.

Sources

  • Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (HALOT), Aramaic section, s.v. אמרlexicon
  • Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs (BDB), Aramaic section, s.v. אמרlexicon
  • Ernst Vogt, A Lexicon of Biblical Aramaic, rev. and trans. J. A. Fitzmyer (2011), s.v. אמרlexicon
  • John J. Collins, Daniel, Hermeneia (1993)commentary
  • John E. Goldingay, Daniel, Word Biblical Commentary 30 (1989)commentary
  • James A. Montgomery, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel, ICC (1927)commentary

All attested forms of אֲמַר

peal participle m s absolute

אָמַר

Dan 2:5, Dan 2:8, Dan 2:15, Dan 2:20, Dan 2:26, Dan 2:27, Dan 2:47, Dan 3:14

peal perfect 3ms

אֲמַר

Ezr 5:15, Dan 2:12, Dan 2:24, Dan 2:25, Dan 2:46, Dan 3:13, Dan 3:20, Dan 5:2

peal participle m p absolute

אָמְרִין

Ezr 5:3, Dan 2:7, Dan 2:10, Dan 3:4, Dan 3:9, Dan 3:16, Dan 3:24, Dan 4:31

peal imperative 2ms

אֱמַר

Dan 2:4, Dan 4:9, Dan 4:18

peal imperfect 3ms

יֵאמַר

Dan 2:7, Dan 3:29

peal infinitive-construct construct

מֵאמַר, מֵמַר

Dan 2:9, Ezr 5:11

peal perfect 1cp

אֲמַרְנָא

Ezr 5:4, Ezr 5:9

peal conjunctive-imperfect 3ms

וְיֵאמַר

Dan 4:35

peal imperative 2mp

אֱמַרוּ

Dan 2:9

peal imperfect 1cp

נֵאמַר

Dan 2:36

peal imperfect 2mp

תֵּאמְרוּן

Jer 10:11

peal perfect 1cs

אַמְרֵת

Dan 4:8

peal perfect 3fs

אֲמֶרֶת

Dan 5:10

peal perfect 3mp

אֲמַרוּ

Dan 4:26