StrongerBible

adah

עֲדָה

AramaicH5709pass away, alter, ...

Appears 9 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Dan 2:21Dan 3:27Dan 4:31(28)Dan 5:20Dan 6:8(9)Dan 6:12(13)Dan 7:12Dan 7:14Dan 7:26
Word studyuh-DAHverb

What adah means

to go from where it was: for rule, honor, or a binding order to pass away, or for someone with power to take it away

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

Daniel is a book about power changing hands, and this is one of its key verbs. The picture behind it is simple: something that was in place is no longer in place. What moves is almost always authority or honor, and the moving is rarely gentle.

Sometimes the thing simply goes. A voice from heaven tells Nebuchadnezzar that the kingdom "has departed from you." At other times someone makes it go, and the very same verb is used: God "removes kings and sets up kings." Aramaic marks the difference by reshaping the verb rather than by picking a different word, so the losing and the taking come across as one act seen from two sides:

  • a kingdom leaves the king who had just been boasting about building it (Daniel 4:31)
  • a proud king's glory is stripped from him after he is brought down (Daniel 5:20)
  • the beasts lose their dominion while their lives are extended for a season (Daniel 7:12)

The word also does legal work. A Persian order, once signed, "does not pass away," which means it cannot be lifted or allowed to lapse. That is a different claim from tampering with its wording, which is what the verb for changing something (שְׁנָא) covers in the very same sentence. The contrast peaks in Daniel 7:14, where the everlasting dominion given to the one like a son of man will never pass away, and his kingdom will never be destroyed (חֲבַל).

One use runs the other direction. When the three men step out of the furnace, not even the smell of fire had passed onto them, so here the verb describes something settling on a person rather than leaving.

Nuances

1ato depart, to be gone: of rule, honor, or a possession slipping away from someone
TranslatabilityDirect
Dan 4:31(28)Dan 7:14
1bof a law or decree: to lapse, to stop being in force
Dan 6:8(9)Dan 6:12(13)
1cto pass onto something, to settle on it
TranslatabilityDirect
Dan 3:27
1dto take away: to remove a ruler from power, or strip someone of rule and honor
TranslatabilityDirect
Dan 2:21Dan 5:20Dan 7:12Dan 7:26

What scholars say about adah

The standard Aramaic lexica treat עֲדָה as a single verb whose force tracks its conjugation: the peal is intransitive ("to go, pass away, be gone"), while the causative haphel is transitive ("to remove, take away, depose"). BDB's Aramaic section divides the peal uses into passing away (Daniel 4:31; 6:8, 12; 7:14) and passing over or upon (Daniel 3:27), and files the four haphel forms (Daniel 2:21; 5:20; 7:12, 26) under "remove, depose"; HALOT agrees, comparing cognate Hebrew עָדָה I and the wide attestation of the root across Imperial and later Aramaic. Grammars of Biblical Aramaic (Rosenthal) note that the third masculine plural with no stated subject, as in 5:20, 7:12, and 7:26, functions as an impersonal passive ("his glory was taken from him"), which is why English versions render those clauses passively. Commentators on Daniel (Collins, Hermeneia; Goldingay, Word Biblical Commentary) observe the deliberate contrast the book builds with the verb: the dominion of the beasts and of the little horn is removed (7:12, 26), while the dominion given to the one like a son of man is the single rule that will never pass away (7:14), a point reinforced by the near-formulaic use of the verb in 2:21 for God's removing and installing of kings.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. עדה (Aramaic)lexicon
  • BDB, Aramaic section, s.v. עדהlexicon
  • F. Rosenthal, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaicgrammar
  • J. J. Collins, Daniel (Hermeneia)commentary
  • J. Goldingay, Daniel (Word Biblical Commentary)commentary

All attested forms of עֲדָה

haphel perfect 3mp

הֶעְדִּיו, הֶעְדִּיוּ

Dan 7:12, Dan 5:20

peal imperfect 2ms

תֶעְדֵּא

Dan 6:8, Dan 6:12

peal perfect 3fs

עֲדָת

Dan 3:27, Dan 4:31

haphel imperfect 3mp

יְהַעְדּוֹן

Dan 7:26

haphel participle m s absolute

מְהַעְדֵּה

Dan 2:21

peal imperfect 3ms

יֶעְדֵּה

Dan 7:14