StrongerBible

nud

נוּד

HebrewH5110bemoan, wander, ...

Appears 24 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 4:12Gen 4:141Ki 14:152Ki 21:8Job 2:11Job 42:11Psa 11:1Psa 36:11(12)Psa 69:20(21)Pro 26:2Isa 24:20Isa 51:19Jer 4:1Jer 15:5Jer 16:5Jer 18:16Jer 22:10Jer 31:18Jer 48:17Jer 48:27Jer 49:30Jer 50:3Jer 50:8Nam 3:7
Root family
Word studynoodverb

What nud means

to move restlessly to and fro: to wander or flee as a homeless fugitive, and, by the shaking of the head over another's pain, to grieve with and console the suffering

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

The picture underneath every use of this word is the same: something moving repeatedly back and forth. A person driven from home wanders, and this is the verb behind Cain's sentence, "a fugitive and a wanderer." A reed in the water sways; under judgment the whole earth "reels to and fro like a drunkard."

From that same back-and-forth picture comes the shaking of the head. Turned toward an enemy it is mockery, the head wagged at someone's ruin. Turned toward a friend it is sympathy, and this is the word's most frequent use: to bemoan, to grieve with, to come and console. When the prophets ask "who will bemoan you?" over a fallen city, this is the verb they reach for.

Because one word runs all the way from fleeing to consoling, no single English word can follow it. It is close kin to נוּעַ, the twin verb of shaking and staggering that stands beside it in Cain's curse, and it overlaps the ordinary word for comforting, נָחַם, whenever it means to console the grieving.

Nuances

1ato wander or flee: to move about homeless, or to run from danger
TranslatabilityDirect
Gen 4:12Gen 4:142Ki 21:8Psa 11:1Psa 36:11(12)Pro 26:2Jer 4:1Jer 49:30Jer 50:3Jer 50:8
1bto sway or reel: to rock unsteadily back and forth
TranslatabilityDirect
1Ki 14:15Isa 24:20
1cto shake the head in scorn: a gesture of horror or mockery at someone's downfall
Jer 18:16Jer 48:27
1dto grieve with, bemoan, or console: to show sympathy for someone in trouble, often for the dead or the ruined
Job 2:11Job 42:11Psa 69:20(21)Isa 51:19Jer 15:5Jer 16:5Jer 22:10Jer 31:18Jer 48:17Nam 3:7

What scholars say about nud

The standard lexicons (BDB; HALOT) treat נוד as a single root meaning "to move to and fro," from which develop the senses of wandering or fleeing (Gen 4:12; Jer 50:3), swaying or reeling (1 Kgs 14:15; Isa 24:20), shaking the head in derision (Jer 18:16; Jer 48:27), and, most frequently, expressing sympathy by shaking the head, hence to bemoan or condole (Job 2:11; Isa 51:19; Jer 15:5; Nah 3:7). TWOT traces the bridge from the physical head-motion of condolence to the verb's dominant use for grieving with a sufferer. The word is bound to נוע, with which it forms the fixed pair נָע וָנָד, "a fugitive and a wanderer," in the Cain narrative (Gen 4:12, 14).

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. נודlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. נודlexicon
  • TWOT §1319 (נוד)theological-dictionary

All attested forms of נוּד

qal imperfect 3ms

יָנוּד

1Ki 14:15, Isa 51:19, Jer 15:5, Nam 3:7

qal imperative 2mp

נֻדוּ, נֻּדוּ

Jer 48:17, Jer 50:8, Jer 49:30

qal infinitive-construct construct

לָנוּד

Job 2:11, Psa 69:20, Pro 26:2

qal participle m s absolute

נָד

Gen 4:12, Gen 4:14

hiphil conjunctive-imperfect 3ms

וְיָנִיד

Jer 18:16

hiphil imperfect 3fs

תְּנִדֵ

Psa 36:11

hiphil infinitive-construct construct

הָנִיד

2Ki 21:8

hithpael consecutive-perfect 3fs

וְהִתְנוֹדְדָה

Isa 24:20

hithpael imperfect 2ms

תִּתְנוֹדָד

Jer 48:27

hithpael participle m s absolute

מִתְנוֹדֵד

Jer 31:18

qal consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיָּנֻדוּ

Job 42:11

qal imperative 2fs

נוּדִי

Psa 11:1

qal imperfect 2ms

תָנוּד

Jer 4:1

qal jussive 2mp

תָּנֻדוּ

Jer 22:10

qal jussive 2ms

תָּנֹד

Jer 16:5

qal perfect 3cp

נָדוּ

Jer 50:3