StrongerBible

nagash

נָגַשׁ

HebrewH5066draw near, approach, ...

Appears 125 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 18:23Gen 19:9 (2×)Gen 27:21Gen 27:22Gen 27:25 (2×)Gen 27:26Gen 27:27Gen 29:10Gen 33:3Gen 33:6Gen 33:7 (2×)Gen 43:19Gen 44:18Gen 45:4 (2×)Gen 48:10Gen 48:13Exo 19:15Exo 19:22Exo 20:21Exo 21:6 (2×)Exo 24:2 (2×)Exo 24:14Exo 28:43Exo 30:20Exo 32:6Exo 34:30Exo 34:32Lev 2:8Lev 8:14Lev 21:21 (2×)Lev 21:23Num 4:19Num 8:19Num 32:16Deu 20:2Deu 21:5Deu 25:1Deu 25:9Jos 3:9Jos 8:11Jos 14:6Jos 21:1Jdg 6:19Jdg 9:52Jdg 20:23Rut 2:141Sa 7:101Sa 9:181Sa 13:91Sa 14:18
Word studyna-GASHverb

What nagash means

to draw near, or to bring near: closing the physical distance to a person, place, or thing, whether by one's own movement or by causing something else to move

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

This verb covers one act from two directions: the movement of approach, and the act of placing something before another by bringing it close. When a person moves, they step forward, come up face to face, or advance. When they cause something to move, they bring it near and set it before the one receiving it. The setting supplies whether the approach is friendly, confrontational, solemn, or worshipful; the verb marks only that distance is being closed.

In everyday life the word describes people stepping forward to speak, greet, inquire, or address another. In battle it marks the moment an army closes on its target. In legal and formal settings it pictures parties stepping up before a judge or elder. In the sanctuary it becomes the regular word for a priest or worshiper drawing near to God or to the altar, where unauthorized approach brings death. In the prophets, especially Isaiah 40-55 and Malachi: it functions judicially: nations are summoned to draw near for a legal reckoning, and priests are charged with bringing polluted offerings near to the altar.

The two directions of approach (coming near oneself vs. bringing something near) are not separate meanings. They are the same picture seen from the mover's side or from the one who sets another in motion. The grammar carries them in different verb forms, but the underlying image is identical throughout.

Nuances

1ato approach, come near, or step forward: one's own movement toward a person, place, or object
Gen 18:23Gen 27:21Gen 27:22Gen 27:26Gen 27:27Gen 29:10Gen 33:3Gen 33:6Gen 33:7 (2×)Gen 43:19Gen 44:18Gen 45:4 (2×)
1bto advance on or confront, movement toward an adversary or opponent, including in battle
Gen 19:9 (2×)Jos 8:11Jdg 9:521Sa 7:101Sa 17:161Sa 17:402Sa 10:132Sa 11:202Sa 11:211Ki 20:221Ki 20:281Ki 22:24
1cto draw near in a cultic, legal, or formal context, approaching God, the altar, holy things, or a judicial proceeding
Exo 19:22Exo 20:21Exo 24:2 (2×)Exo 24:14Exo 28:43Exo 30:20Exo 34:30Exo 34:32Lev 21:21 (2×)Lev 21:23Num 4:19Num 8:19
1dto bring near or present, causing a person, animal, or object to come close, or placing something before another
Gen 27:25 (2×)Gen 48:10Gen 48:13Exo 21:6 (2×)Exo 32:6Lev 2:8Lev 8:14Jdg 6:191Sa 13:91Sa 14:181Sa 14:34 (2×)1Sa 15:32

What scholars say about nagash

HALOT (s.v. נגשׁ) distinguishes the qal (to approach, draw near) from the hiphil (to bring near, present), treating both as aspects of a single polysemous root rather than homonyms. BDB (s.v. נגשׁ) similarly groups all uses under one root. The STEPBible lexicon's two seeds (H5066G / H5066H) reflect the same qal/hiphil distribution, not a true homonym split. The word is especially prominent in Exodus and the priestly law codes (Leviticus, Numbers, Ezekiel 44) for approaching the divine presence or altar, and in Malachi for the presentation of offerings. TDOT (vol. 9, s.v. נגשׁ) surveys the cultic uses and notes the word's use in Isaiah 40-55 for summoning nations and their gods to draw near for a divine legal challenge, giving it a judicial dimension in prophetic rhetoric. TWOT (no. 1289) notes the hiphil's role in presenting offerings alongside the more common hiphil of קרב, with which this verb overlaps closely in the offering context.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. נגשׁlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. נגשׁlexicon
  • TDOT, vol. 9, s.v. נגשׁtheological-dictionary
  • TWOT, no. 1289, s.v. נגשׁtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of נָגַשׁ

qal consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיִּגַּשׁ

Gen 18:23, Gen 27:22, Gen 27:27, Gen 29:10, Gen 44:18, Jdg 9:52, 1Sa 9:18, 1Sa 17:16

qal consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיִּגְּשׁוּ, וַיִּגָּשׁוּ

Gen 19:9, Gen 43:19, Num 32:16, Jos 8:11, Jos 14:6, Jos 21:1, 1Ki 18:30, 2Ki 2:5

qal infinitive-construct construct

גֶּשֶׁת, גִשְׁתָּ, גִּשְׁתּ

Exo 34:30, Num 8:19, Jdg 20:23, Jer 30:21, Ezk 44:13, Exo 28:43, Exo 30:20, Num 4:19

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיַּגֵּשׁ, וַיַּגֶּשׁ, וַיַּגַּשׁ

Gen 48:10, Gen 48:13, Lev 8:14, 1Sa 30:7, Gen 27:25, Jdg 6:19

qal imperative 2mp

גְּשׁוּ, גֹּשׁוּ

Gen 45:4, 1Ki 18:30, Jer 46:3, Jos 3:9, 1Sa 14:38, 2Ch 29:31

qal imperfect 3ms

יִגַּשׁ, יִגָּשׁ

Exo 24:14, Lev 21:21, Lev 21:21, Lev 21:23, Isa 50:8, Psa 91:7

hiphil imperative 2mp

הַגִּישׁוּ, הַגִּשׁוּ

1Sa 14:34, 1Sa 15:32, Isa 41:21, Isa 45:21, 1Sa 13:9

hiphil imperative 2ms

הַגִּישָׁ, הַגִּשָׁ

1Sa 14:18, 1Sa 23:9, 1Sa 30:7, 2Ki 4:6, Gen 27:25

qal imperative 2ms

גְּשָׁ, גֶּשׁ, גַּשׁ

Gen 27:21, Gen 27:26, Isa 49:20, Gen 19:9, 2Sa 1:15

qal imperfect 3mp

יִגְּשׁוּ, יִגַּשׁוּ, יִגָּשׁוּ

Isa 41:1, Ezk 44:13, Jol 3:9, Job 41:16, Exo 24:2

niphal consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְנִגַּשׁ

Exo 24:2, Deu 20:2, Jer 30:21, Amo 9:13

niphal perfect 3ms

נִגַּשׁ

Gen 33:7, Exo 20:21, 1Ki 20:13, Isa 29:13

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיַּגִּשׁוּ, וַיַּגִּישׁוּ

Exo 32:6, 1Sa 14:34, 2Ch 29:23

hiphil consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְהִגִּישׁ, וְהִגִּישָׁ

Exo 21:6, Exo 21:6, Lev 2:8

hiphil participle m p absolute

מַגִּשִׁים, מַגִּישִׁים

1Ki 4:21, 2Ki 4:5, Mal 1:7

niphal perfect 3cp

נִגְּשׁוּ

Exo 34:32, 1Sa 7:10, Ezr 9:1

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתַּגֵּשׁ

1Sa 28:25, 2Sa 13:11

hiphil imperfect 2mp

תַגִּישׁוּ, תַגִּשׁוּ

Mal 1:8, Mal 1:8

niphal consecutive-perfect 3cp

וְנִגְּשׁוּ

Deu 21:5, Deu 25:1

niphal perfect 2mp

נִגַּשְׁתֶּם

2Sa 11:20, 2Sa 11:21

qal jussive 2mp

תִּגְּשׁוּ, תִּגַּשׁוּ

Exo 19:15, Ezk 9:6

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 2mp

וַתַּגִּישׁוּ

Amo 6:3

hiphil imperfect 2ms

תַגִּישׁ

Amo 9:10

hiphil imperfect 3mp

יַגִּישׁוּ

Isa 41:22

hiphil jussive 3ms

יַגֵּשׁ

Job 40:19

hiphil participle m p construct

מַגִּישֵׁי

Mal 3:3

hiphil participle m s absolute

מַגִּישׁ

Mal 2:12

hiphil perfect 2mp

הִגַּשְׁתֶּם

Amo 5:25

hiphil perfect 3cp

הִגִּישׁוּ

2Sa 17:29

hithpael imperative 2mp

הִתְנַגְּשׁוּ

Isa 45:20

hophal passive-participle m s absolute

מֻגָּשׁ

Mal 1:11

hophal perfect 3cp

הֻגָּשׁוּ

2Sa 3:34

niphal consecutive-perfect 3fs

וְנִגְּשָׁה

Deu 25:9

niphal participle m p absolute

נִּגָּשִׁים

Exo 19:22

qal consecutive-imperfect 3fp

וַתִּגַּשְׁןָ

Gen 33:6

qal consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתִּגַּשׁ

Gen 33:7

qal imperative 2fs

גֹּשִׁי

Rut 2:14

qal jussive 2ms

תִּגַּשׁ

Isa 65:5