StrongerBible

ne'um

נְאֻם

HebrewH5002declares, oracle, ...

Appears 376 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 22:16Num 14:28Num 24:3 (2×)Num 24:4Num 24:15 (2×)Num 24:161Sa 2:30 (2×)2Sa 23:1 (2×)Jer 7:30Jer 23:31
Root family
Word studyneh-OOMnoun

What ne'um means

a solemn declaration: the binding pronouncement of a named speaker, used almost always as the prophetic tag "declares the LORD"

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

This is the word behind the phrase English Bibles render "declares the LORD," "says the LORD," or "oracle of the LORD." It is not ordinary speech but a formal, authoritative pronouncement, the kind of thing a sovereign issues, and it almost always carries a named source attached to it: this is the declaration of so-and-so. Roughly nineteen of every twenty times that source is God, which is why the word came to mean, in practice, the prophet's stamp certifying that what was just said is God's own word and not the prophet's invention.

The few places where the speaker is human do not change what the word means; they show its older shape before the prophets made it their signature. It introduces the inspired sayings of Balaam, the last weighty words of David, and the sayings of Agur. In every case it frames what follows as a measured, authoritative utterance, not casual talk. (Psalm 36 is the odd one: the speaker is David, but the thing declared is not God but transgression, which is why scholars read that line in several ways.)

Because the formula was so closely bound to genuine prophecy, it became a target for imitation. Jeremiah condemns false prophets who borrow the very phrase, wagging their tongues and announcing "declares the LORD" when the LORD has declared nothing, which shows how much weight the word carried and why counterfeiting it was so serious.

Nuances

1athe prophetic formula certifying that the surrounding words are God's own pronouncement, normally "declares the LORD"
Gen 22:16Num 14:281Sa 2:30 (2×)2Ki 9:262Ki 19:332Ki 22:192Ch 34:27Psa 110:1Isa 1:24Isa 3:15Isa 14:22Isa 17:3
1bthe solemn, inspired utterance of a human speaker, the word's older shape before the prophets made it their fixed signature
Num 24:3 (2×)Num 24:4Num 24:15 (2×)Num 24:162Sa 23:1 (2×)Psa 36:1Pro 30:1

Uncategorized

Awaiting AI sense categorization.

12 verses
Jer 22:16Jer 22:24Jer 23:2Jer 23:4Jer 23:5Jer 23:7Jer 23:11Jer 23:12Jer 23:23Jer 23:33Jer 25:7Jer 25:9

What scholars say about ne'um

The standard lexica treat this as a single noun, a passive form meaning "an utterance" or "declaration," used overwhelmingly in the bound phrase "utterance of the LORD" that punctuates prophetic speech. BDB and HALOT note its near-exclusive use of God as a near-technical prophetic device, with a small group of older texts (Balaam in Numbers 24, David in 2 Samuel 23 and the crux of Psalm 36, and Agur in Proverbs 30) preserving its use of human speakers. Studies of prophetic speech forms describe it as a concluding or punctuating signatory formula authenticating the surrounding words as divine; TDOT traces the shift from the earlier human "oracle of" usage to the fixed prophetic signature.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. נְאֻםlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. נְאֻםlexicon
  • TDOT, vol. 9, s.v. נְאֻם (ne'um)theological-dictionary
  • TWOT, no. 1272a, s.v. נְאֻםtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of נְאֻם

m s construct

נְאֻם, נְאֻום

Gen 22:16, Num 14:28, Num 24:3, Num 24:3, Num 24:4, Num 24:15, Num 24:15, Num 24:16

m s absolute

נְאֻם

Jer 23:31