StrongerBible

mishlaḥ

מִשְׁלַח

HebrewH4916undertaking, sending, ...

Appears 10 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Deu 12:7Deu 12:18Deu 15:10Deu 23:20(21)Deu 28:8Deu 28:20Est 9:19Est 9:22Isa 7:25Isa 11:14
Word studymeesh-LAHKHnoun

What mishlaḥ means

an act of sending forth: a hand put out to work or to seize, food sent to a neighbor, animals turned loose

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

This word names a motion rather than an object. It is built from the ordinary verb for sending, and for stretching something out (שָׁלַח), and it keeps that verb's double reach. What goes out may be a hand, a gift, or a herd, and the same noun covers all of them.

Six of its ten appearances are one Deuteronomy phrase, literally "the putting out of your hand," which English Bibles turn into something like "all that you undertake." The picture behind the idiom is a hand reaching toward work: fields, flocks, trade, whatever a household actually does. Moses uses it in both directions. It is what God promises to bless in Deuteronomy 28:8, and twelve verses later it is exactly what he threatens to blast.

The four remaining verses show how far a single motion word can travel:

  • in Esther the sending out is food carried from one neighbor to another on a feast day
  • in Isaiah 7:25 it is livestock turned loose on hillsides gone back to thorn and brier
  • in Isaiah 11:14 it is a hand put out to seize, with Edom and Moab falling under Israel's reach

The Esther phrase has outlived the book. "Sending of portions" is still the Hebrew name for the gifts of food that Jews exchange on Purim, a custom that traces straight back to the two verses where this word appears.

Nuances

1awhat a person sets a hand to: work, business, whatever one undertakes
Deu 12:7Deu 12:18Deu 15:10Deu 23:20(21)Deu 28:8Deu 28:20
1bthe sending of gifts: portions of food sent from one person to another
Est 9:19Est 9:22
1ca place where cattle are turned loose to graze
TranslatabilityApproximate
Isa 7:25
1da hand put out against someone: reaching to seize or plunder
Isa 11:14

What scholars say about mishlaḥ

BDB files this noun under two headwords keyed to spelling: מִשְׁלָח "outstretching" (of the hand) and also the place of letting loose in Isa 7:25, alongside מִשְׁלוֹחַ "sending, sending away," the form behind מִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת in Esth 9:19, 22. HALOT and DCH treat the material similarly, as a nomen actionis of שׁלח whose range runs from the outstretching of the hand to the dispatch of goods. The split, however, is orthographic rather than semantic: the plene spelling appears both in the Esther gift formula and in Isa 11:14 מִשְׁלוֹח יָדָם, which belongs semantically with the defectively written Deuteronomic idiom, so the two headwords cut across the sense boundary rather than along it. STEPBible's TBESH likewise carries two sub-entries (H4916A/H4916B) glossed identically, which is why this entry merges them to the base number and distributes the material by sense instead. TDOT's article on שׁלח treats מִשְׁלַח יָד as a fixed Deuteronomic blessing-and-curse formula for the totality of a household's economic activity; Tigay notes its close parallelism with מַעֲשֶׂה in Deut 15:10, and Weinfeld's analysis of Deuteronomic phraseology places it within the school's stock formulae for agrarian prosperity. Berlin's commentary on Esther identifies מִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת as the etiology of the later Purim custom of the same name. On Isa 7:25 Blenkinsopp and Wildberger read מִשְׁלַח שׁוֹר as terrain reverted to rough grazing, a note of desolation rather than of pastoral plenty; on Isa 11:14 the construction מִשְׁלוֹח יָדָם is generally read as a compressed predicate, "Edom and Moab are the putting-forth of their hand," i.e. the objects of a hostile seizure.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. מִשְׁלָח, מִשְׁלוֹחַlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. מִשְׁלָחlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. מִשְׁלָחlexicon
  • TDOT, s.v. שָׁלַחtheological-dictionary
  • Jeffrey H. Tigay, Deuteronomy (JPS Torah Commentary, 1996)commentary
  • Moshe Weinfeld, Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomic School (Oxford, 1972)monograph
  • Adele Berlin, Esther (JPS Bible Commentary, 2001)commentary
  • Joseph Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (Anchor Bible 19, 2000)commentary
  • Hans Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (Continental Commentary, 1991)commentary

All attested forms of מִשְׁלַח

m s construct

מִשְׁלַח, מִשְׁלוֹחַ, מִשְׁלוֹח

Deu 12:7, Deu 12:18, Deu 15:10, Deu 23:20, Deu 28:8, Deu 28:20, Isa 7:25, Est 9:19