StrongerBible

massa

מַסַּע

HebrewH4550journey, stage, ...

Appears 12 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 13:3Exo 17:1Exo 40:36Exo 40:38Num 10:2Num 10:6Num 10:12Num 10:28Num 33:1Num 33:2 (2×)Deu 10:11
Root family
Word studymah-SAHnoun

What massa means

the breaking of camp and the leg of travel it begins: a setting out, a stage of a journey

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

This word comes straight out of tent life. The verb behind it (נָסַע) means to pull up the stakes that hold a tent to the ground, and the noun names what that produces: a camp coming apart and a people on the move. So it is never travel in the abstract. It assumes tents, a place just left, and a place still to be pitched.

Two shades run through its uses. Sometimes it names the moment of departure itself, as when silver trumpets are blown "for the setting out of the camps" and the tribes pull away in their appointed order. Sometimes it names the leg of travel that the departure begins, one measured move from one campsite to the next, which is why Moses can write down a numbered list of them.

That second use gives the wilderness years their shape. The cloud lifts, the stakes come up, the people walk, the stakes go back down, and forty years are recorded as a chain of short moves rather than one long march. Even Abraham's travel through the southern desert is described this way, going "by his stages", the picture of a man who lives in tents rather than a man on a road.

A road word such as דֶּרֶךְ looks at the route being taken, and a distance word such as מַהֲלָךְ measures how far there is to walk. This word looks somewhere else entirely: at the camp being taken down and set up again.

Nuances

1aa setting out: the act of taking down camp and moving off
Num 10:2Num 10:6Num 10:28Deu 10:11
1ba stage of a journey: one leg of travel from one campsite to the next
TranslatabilityApproximate
Gen 13:3Exo 17:1Exo 40:36Exo 40:38Num 10:12Num 33:1Num 33:2 (2×)

What scholars say about massa

מַסַּע is a noun formed from נסע on the pattern that regularly yields nouns of action and of place, and the lexica accordingly separate an action sense (the breaking up of camp, the departure) from a resultative one (the stage or day's march between encampments): so BDB, HALOT and DCH s.v. The word's setting is overwhelmingly the wilderness itinerary, above all the list in Numbers 33, whose formulaic pairing of מוֹצָאֵיהֶם with מַסְעֵיהֶם has been compared with ancient Near Eastern military and administrative itinerary texts by G. I. Davies and treated as an inherited source document by Levine and Milgrom in their commentaries on Numbers. Distribution is entirely Pentateuchal, and Genesis 13:3 applies to Abram's semi-nomadic movement the same idiom later used of Israel, a continuity noted by Wenham.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. מַסַּעlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. מַסַּעlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. מַסַּעlexicon
  • TWOT, s.v. נָסַעtheological-dictionary
  • G. I. Davies, "The Wilderness Itineraries: A Comparative Study," Tyndale Bulletin 25 (1974)journal-article
  • Baruch A. Levine, Numbers 21-36 (Anchor Bible)commentary
  • Jacob Milgrom, Numbers (JPS Torah Commentary)commentary
  • Gordon J. Wenham, Genesis 1-15 (Word Biblical Commentary)commentary

All attested forms of מַסַּע

m p construct

מַסְעֵיהֶם

Exo 17:1, Exo 40:36, Exo 40:38, Num 10:6, Num 10:12, Num 33:2, Num 33:2

m p construct

מַסְעֵי

Num 10:28, Num 33:1

m s absolute

מַסַּע

Num 10:2, Deu 10:11

m p construct

מַסָּעָיו

Gen 13:3