StrongerBible

lahat

לָהַט

HebrewH3857burn, set on fire, ...

Appears 11 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Deu 32:22Job 41:21(13)Psa 57:4(5)Psa 83:14(15)Psa 97:3Psa 104:4Psa 106:18Isa 42:25Jol 1:19Jol 2:3Mal 4:1(3:19)
Root family
Word studylah-HAHTverb

What lahat means

to blaze: to burn with open flame, and so to set something alight or burn it to nothing

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

The picture behind this word is an open flame: something leaping, bright, and fast, not a slow smolder or a dull heat. Almost every time it appears, the words "fire" or "flame" stand right beside it, and this verb says what that fire is doing. Sometimes it simply means being alight, as in Psalm 104:4, where God's servants are called a blazing fire. Once it means putting fuel to the torch: Leviathan's breath sets coals glowing in Job 41:21.

Most often, though, the flame has swept through something and left nothing behind. Eight of its eleven appearances describe fire eating up a target: the foundations of the mountains, the trees of a scorched countryside, the wicked in the wilderness, the enemies who stand in God's path. In every one of those the fire belongs to God, either as his anger or as the day of his judgment, so the word carries an association with divine punishment that a general word for burning does not.

It is worth hearing alongside its neighbors:

  • The everyday verb for a fire being alight (בָּעַר) is the broad, ordinary term, and it also stretches to mean clearing something out or sweeping it away.
  • The verb for burning something up (שָׂרַף) is what a person does deliberately with a torch, to a body, a city, or an offering.
  • The verb for eating (אָכַל) is the poets' favorite partner for this one, so that fire devours on one line and blazes on the next.

This word sits between them. It is not what a person does to something, and it is not the plain fact that a fire is lit. It is what the flame itself does when it goes through what is in its way.

Nuances

1ato blaze: to be alight and flaming
Psa 57:4(5)Psa 104:4
1bto kindle: to set fuel alight so that it catches fire
TranslatabilityDirect
Job 41:21(13)
1cto burn up: to destroy something by fire
Deu 32:22Psa 83:14(15)Psa 97:3Psa 106:18Isa 42:25Jol 1:19Jol 2:3Mal 4:1(3:19)

What scholars say about lahat

The standard lexica treat לָהַט as a single root, "to blaze, flame." BDB distinguishes the intransitive participle, used adjectivally in Ps 104:4 (אֵשׁ לֹהֵט) and substantivally in Ps 57:5 [Eng 57:4] (לֹהֲטִים, of hostile persons), from the transitive stem, which covers both "set ablaze, kindle" (Job 41:13 [Eng 41:21], with גֶּחָלִים as object) and "blaze, consume" (Deut 32:22; Isa 42:25; Joel 1:19; 2:3; Ps 83:15 [Eng 83:14]; 97:3; 106:18; Mal 3:19 [Eng 4:1]). HALOT and DCH agree on the basic semantic range. The cognate noun לַהַט (Gen 3:24, the flashing blade of the cherubim's sword) belongs to this root; the phonetically similar לַהַב and לֶהָבָה, "flame," are standardly filed under a separate root. The verb's distribution is markedly theophanic and judgment-oriented: the Song of Moses, Isaiah's indictment of exilic Israel, Joel's fire-and-locust imagery, the Psalter's theophanies, and Malachi's eschatological day account for nearly every occurrence, with Job 41 the sole occurrence outside that field. Ps 57:5 is the one contested instance: BDB and HALOT read לֹהֲטִים as a substantival participle of this root applied figuratively to enemies, while a number of modern versions render the participle in terms of ravenous devouring, an image of appetite rather than of flame.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. לָהַטlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. לָהַטlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. לָהַטlexicon

All attested forms of לָהַט

piel imperfect 3fs

תְּלַהֵט

Job 41:21, Psa 83:14, Psa 106:18, Jol 2:3

piel consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתְּלַהֲטֵ, וַתְּלַהֵט

Isa 42:25, Deu 32:22

piel conjunctive-imperfect 3fs

וּתְלַהֵט

Psa 97:3

piel consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְלִהַט

Mal 4:1

piel perfect 3fs

לִהֲטָה

Jol 1:19

qal participle m p absolute

לֹהֲטִים

Psa 57:4

qal participle m s absolute

לֹהֵט

Psa 104:4