to be shamed or to shame someone: to suffer or inflict public disgrace and loss of honor
This word lives in a world where honor is everything and its opposite, disgrace, is a real wound. It covers both sides of one experience: being brought low in the eyes of others, and doing that to someone else. When a person is on the receiving end, they are humiliated, dishonored, exposed, or defeated, whether by an enemy, by public failure, or by their own sin catching up with them. When a person is the cause, they are insulting, mistreating, or shaming another.
The three senses below are not different words but different angles on the same loss of standing. The first is the raw experience of being disgraced, often through defeat or public exposure. The second turns inward: shame felt as remorse, especially the healthy shame a guilty person feels before God, the kind that leads to repentance. The prophets prize this sense so highly that they treat the inability to feel it as its own indictment. The third is the active side: to humiliate, insult, or mistreat someone, robbing them of their dignity.
Because honor and shame carried social weight that modern readers can miss, a single English word rarely does the job. Translators reach for ashamed, humiliated, disgraced, put to shame, insulted, or mistreated depending on the verse, and each catches only part of what the original holds.