StrongerBible

ḥuqqah

חֻקָּה

HebrewH2708statute, ordinance, ...

Appears 104 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 26:5Exo 12:14Exo 12:17Exo 12:43Exo 13:10Exo 27:21Exo 28:43Exo 29:9Lev 3:17Lev 7:36Lev 10:9Lev 16:29Lev 16:31Lev 16:34Lev 18:3Lev 18:4Lev 18:5Lev 18:26Lev 18:30Lev 19:19Lev 19:37Lev 20:8Lev 20:22Lev 20:23Lev 25:18Lev 26:3Lev 26:15Lev 26:43Num 9:3Num 9:14Num 15:15Deu 6:2Deu 8:11Deu 10:13Deu 11:1Deu 28:15Deu 28:45Deu 30:10Deu 30:162Sa 22:231Ki 2:31Ki 3:31Ki 6:121Ki 11:341Ki 11:382Ki 17:82Ki 17:132Ki 17:192Ki 17:342Ki 23:3
Root family
Word studykhook-KAHnoun

What ḥuqqah means

a statute: a fixed, prescribed regulation laid down to be kept, whether a binding law, a permanent religious observance, an inherited custom, or one of the set orders of nature

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

At its core this word names something that has been set in place and is meant to hold: a rule, an arrangement, an established order. The picture behind it is a thing engraved or appointed once and then standing fixed, not changing with mood or circumstance.

That one idea fans out across several settings. Most often it is a law God lays down for his people, named again and again alongside his judgments as the body of rules Israel is to keep. A large group of these are ritual rules marked as permanent: the recurring phrase "a lasting ordinance" fixes a feast, an offering, or a priestly duty as standing practice for every generation, the way Passover or the Day of Atonement was meant to be observed forever.

The same word can also describe what people have simply always done, an inherited custom or way of life, and the Bible uses it pointedly for the practices of the surrounding nations that Israel was warned not to copy. At the far reach of its range it names the set orders built into creation itself: the fixed appointments of sun, moon, and stars, the bounds of the sea, the laws of the heavens, treated as God's standing decrees just as much as the rules given at Sinai.

What ties all of this together is permanence and appointment. Whether the order is moral, ritual, customary, or cosmic, it is presented as something settled and prescribed rather than improvised, which is why the same word reaches from temple regulation to the courses of the stars.

Nuances

1aa binding law or decree laid down by God (or a ruler) and given to be obeyed
Gen 26:5Lev 18:4Lev 18:5Lev 18:26Lev 19:19Lev 19:37Lev 20:8Lev 20:22Lev 25:18Lev 26:3Lev 26:15Lev 26:43
1ba permanent religious observance: a feast, offering, or priestly duty fixed as a lasting ordinance for every generation
Exo 12:14Exo 12:17Exo 12:43Exo 13:10Exo 27:21Exo 28:43Exo 29:9Lev 3:17Lev 7:36Lev 10:9Lev 16:29Lev 16:31
1ca custom or settled way of life that a people simply follows, especially the practices of the pagan nations Israel was warned not to copy
Lev 18:3Lev 18:30Lev 20:231Ki 3:32Ki 17:82Ki 17:34Jer 10:3
1dthe fixed orders of creation: the set courses and bounds appointed for the heavens, the heavenly bodies, and the sea
Job 38:33Jer 5:24Jer 31:35Jer 33:25

What scholars say about ḥuqqah

Standard lexica treat חֻקָּה as the feminine counterpart of חֹק, both from the root meaning to engrave or inscribe (hence something cut in and fixed). HALOT and BDB give the range as statute, ordinance, prescribed law and the customary or fixed orders of nature, noting the heavy overlap with חֹק and the formulaic pair "statutes and judgments" running through Leviticus, Deuteronomy, and Ezekiel. The priestly formula "a lasting ordinance throughout your generations" (Leviticus, Numbers) is recognized as a fixed liturgical phrase marking permanent cultic regulation. TDOT and TWOT trace the engraving image and the extension from human decree to the appointed bounds of sea and sky (Job 38:33; Jeremiah 31:35-36; 33:25), where the same word presents the natural order as divinely decreed.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. חֻקָּהlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. חֻקָּהlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. חֻקָּהlexicon
  • TDOT, vol. 5, s.v. חקק / חֹק / חֻקָּה (Ringgren)theological-dictionary
  • TWOT, no. 728b (חֻקָּה)theological-dictionary

All attested forms of חֻקָּה

f p construct

חֻקֹּתַי, חֻקּוֹתַי, חֻקֹּתָי

Lev 18:4, Lev 18:5, Lev 18:26, Lev 19:19, Lev 19:37, Lev 20:8, Lev 20:22, Lev 25:18

f s construct

חֻקַּת

Exo 12:14, Exo 12:17, Exo 12:43, Exo 27:21, Exo 28:43, Exo 29:9, Lev 3:17, Lev 7:36

f p construct

חֻקֹּתָיו

Num 9:3, Deu 6:2, Deu 8:11, Deu 10:13, Deu 11:1, Deu 28:15, Deu 28:45, Deu 30:10

f p construct

חֻקּוֹת, חֻקֹּת

Lev 18:30, 1Ki 3:3, 2Ki 17:8, 2Ki 17:19, Job 38:33, Jer 5:24, Jer 10:3, Jer 33:25

f s absolute

חֻקָּה

Exo 13:10, Num 9:14, Num 15:15

f p construct

חֻקֹּתֵיהֶם, חֻקֹּתָם

Lev 18:3, 2Ki 17:34

f p construct

חֻקֹּתֶיךָ

Psa 119:16