StrongerBible

ḥush

חוּשׁ

HebrewH2363make haste, hasten, ...

Appears 20 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Num 32:17Deu 32:35Jdg 20:371Sa 20:38Job 20:2Job 31:5Psa 22:19(20)Psa 38:22(23)Psa 40:13(14)Psa 55:8(9)Psa 70:1(2)Psa 70:5(6)Psa 71:12Psa 119:60Psa 141:1Ecc 2:25Isa 5:19Isa 28:16Isa 60:22Hab 1:8
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studykhooshverb

What ḥush means

1

to hurry: to move or act with urgent speed, or to make something happen quickly

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This verb pictures quick, urgent motion: a person breaking into a run, an army rushing an ambush, an eagle swooping to its prey, or a coming event bearing down fast. It is largely a poet's word, appearing far more in the Psalms and the Prophets than in plain narrative.

Its most memorable use is a cry for help. Again and again the Psalms turn it into an urgent plea, "hurry to me, hasten to my aid," pressing God to act without delay. In other places it works the other way around: God himself promises to hasten an event, bringing his purpose about quickly when its time comes.

A close everyday partner is מָהַר, the ordinary verb for doing something quickly; this word leans harder on the urgency and drive behind the speed, which is why it fits the raw desperation of a prayer under pressure.

Nuances

1ato move or act quickly; hurry
Num 32:17Deu 32:35Jdg 20:371Sa 20:38Job 20:2Job 31:5Psa 119:60Isa 28:16Hab 1:8
1bto come quickly to someone's aid; hurry to the rescue
Psa 22:19(20)Psa 38:22(23)Psa 40:13(14)Psa 70:1(2)Psa 70:5(6)Psa 71:12Psa 141:1
1cto bring something about quickly; hasten an event along
Psa 55:8(9)Isa 5:19Isa 60:22
2

to feel or enjoy: to take in pleasure with the senses

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyContested

This is a proposed second, look-alike word that scholars find only at Ecclesiastes 2:25, where the writer asks who can eat and take pleasure apart from God. On this reading the verb is not about speed at all but about feeling or savoring, and it fits the book's steady theme that eating, drinking, and enjoyment are gifts to be received from God's hand.

Because the word looks exactly like the common verb for hurrying, translators have long divided over it: some keep "hasten" or "be anxious" here, while most modern versions read "enjoy." The uncertainty is about the word itself, not about the wider point of the passage.

Ecc 2:25

What scholars say about ḥush

The lexica treat חושׁ I as "to make haste, hasten," attested in qal and hiphil with both intransitive ("hurry") and causative ("cause to come quickly") force (BDB; HALOT; DCH). Its distribution is heavily poetic, clustering in the Psalms' urgent petitions (Ps 22:19; 38:22; 40:13; 70:1, 5; 71:12; 141:1) and in prophetic oracles. Isaiah 28:16 presents a text-critical crux: MT יָחִישׁ ("will not make haste," i.e. will not flee in alarm) stands against the LXX's οὐ μὴ καταισχυνθῇ ("will not be put to shame"), the reading taken up at Romans 9:33 and 1 Peter 2:6. HALOT additionally posits a homonymous root חושׁ II "to feel, enjoy" (comparing Arabic ḥassa "to perceive, feel") for Ecclesiastes 2:25, followed by most modern versions ("who can eat or find enjoyment?"); BDB and the traditional versions retain "hasten" there.

Where scholars disagree about ḥush

Whether Ecclesiastes 2:25 uses a second, distinct verb meaning "to feel" or "enjoy," or the ordinary verb "to hurry" (i.e. whether חושׁ is one root or two homonyms).

  • majorityA separate root חושׁ II "to feel, enjoy" (comparing Arabic ḥassa "to perceive, feel"); the verse asks who can eat and find enjoyment apart from God.; HALOT, s.v. חושׁ II
  • minorityThe ordinary verb "to hasten" or "be anxious"; the verse asks who can eat and fret apart from God.; BDB, s.v. חושׁ

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. חושׁ I, IIlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. חושׁlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. חושׁlexicon
  • TWOT §631, חושׁtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of חוּשׁ

qal imperative 2ms

חוּשָׁ

1Sa 20:38, Psa 22:19, Psa 38:22, Psa 40:13, Psa 70:1, Psa 70:5, Psa 71:12, Psa 141:1

hiphil imperfect 3ms

יָחִישָׁ, יָחִישׁ

Isa 5:19, Isa 28:16

hiphil cohortative 1cs

אָחִישָׁה

Psa 55:8

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתַּחַשׁ

Job 31:5

hiphil imperfect 1cs

אֲחִישֶׁ

Isa 60:22

hiphil perfect 3cp

הֵחִישׁוּ

Jdg 20:37

qal consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְחָשׁ

Deu 32:35

qal imperfect 3ms

יָחוּשׁ

Ecc 2:25

qal infinitive-construct construct

חוּשִׁ

Job 20:2

qal participle m s absolute

חָשׁ

Hab 1:8

qal passive-participle m p absolute

חֻשִׁים

Num 32:17

qal perfect 1cs

חַשְׁתִּי

Psa 119:60